摘 要
自走式喷雾机作为现代农业机械的重要组成部分，其喷头布局直接影响农药喷洒的均匀性和作业效率。为解决传统喷头布局中存在的覆盖不均、药液浪费及环境污染等问题，本研究以优化喷头布局为目标，基于计算流体力学和田间试验相结合的方法展开深入分析。通过建立喷雾机喷洒过程的数学模型，引入多目标优化算法对喷头间距、高度及角度等关键参数进行系统设计，并结合实际工况验证优化方案的可行性。结果表明，优化后的喷头布局显著提升了喷洒均匀性，降低了漂移率，同时减少了药液使用量。本研究创新性地将数值模拟与实验验证相融合，提出了适用于不同作物种植模式的喷头布局优化策略，为提升自走式喷雾机的作业性能提供了理论支持和技术参考，具有重要的实践意义和推广应用价值。
关键词：自走式喷雾机；喷头布局优化；计算流体力学；多目标优化算法；喷洒均匀性
OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF NOZZLE LAYOUT FOR SELF-PROPELLED SPRAYERS
ABSTRACT
Self-propelled sprayers, as a crucial component of modern agricultural machinery, have their nozzle layout directly affecting the uniformity of pesticide application and operational efficiency. To address issues such as uneven coverage, chemical waste, and environmental pollution inherent in traditional nozzle layouts, this study aims to optimize nozzle arrangement through an in-depth analysis combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with field experiments. A mathematical model of the spraying process was established, and a multi-ob jective optimization algorithm was introduced to systematically design key parameters such as nozzle spacing, height, and angle. The feasibility of the optimized solution was further validated under actual working conditions. Results indicate that the optimized nozzle layout significantly enhances spraying uniformity, reduces drift rate, and decreases pesticide consumption. This research innovatively integrates numerical simulation with experimental validation, proposing an optimization strategy for nozzle layout adaptable to various crop planting patterns. It provides theoretical support and technical reference for improving the operational performance of self-propelled sprayers, demonstrating significant practical implications and potential for widespread application.
KEY WORDS：Self-Propelled Sprayer；Nozzle Layout Optimization；Computational Fluid Dynamics；Multi-ob jective Optimization Algorithm；Spraying Uniformity
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 自走式喷雾机喷头布局的研究背景与意义 1
1.2 喷头布局优化设计的国内外研究现状 1
第二章 喷头布局的关键技术分析 1
2.1 喷雾均匀性对布局的影响 1
2.2 喷头间距与覆盖范围的关系 2
2.3 风场干扰下的布局调整策略 2
第三章 喷头布局优化模型构建 3
3.1 数学建模的基本原理 3
3.2 基于仿真的优化算法选择 4
3.3 模型验证与参数敏感性分析 4
第四章 实验验证与改进方案 4
4.1 实验设计与测试方法 5
4.2 数据分析与结果评估 5
4.3 布局优化的实际应用案例 5
结 论 6
参考文献 7
致 谢 8
