摘要
不锈钢因其优异的耐腐蚀性、高强度和美观特性，在化工、建筑、航空航天等领域得到广泛应用。然而，焊接过程中易出现热裂纹、晶间腐蚀等缺陷，影响焊接接头性能。为深入研究不锈钢焊接性及焊接接头性能，本研究以304和316L不锈钢为研究对象，采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊（MIG）和钨极氩弧焊（TIG）两种焊接方法，通过金相分析、硬度测试、拉伸试验、弯曲试验、冲击试验以及电化学腐蚀试验等手段，系统评估了焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。研究表明，不同焊接方法对焊接接头的显微组织有显著影响，MIG焊接接头晶粒粗大且存在较多柱状晶，而TIG焊接接头晶粒细小均匀；在力学性能方面，TIG焊接接头的抗拉强度、屈服强度和冲击韧性均优于MIG焊接接头；耐腐蚀性能测试表明，TIG焊接接头的自腐蚀电位更高，自腐蚀电流密度更低，表现出更好的耐腐蚀性。本研究创新性地对比分析了两种焊接方法对不锈钢焊接接头性能的影响，为优化不锈钢焊接工艺提供了理论依据和技术支持，有助于提高不锈钢焊接结构的安全性和可靠性。
关键词：不锈钢焊接性；焊接接头性能；MIG焊
Abstract
Stainless steel, owing to its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and aesthetic properties, has been widely utilized in industries such as chemical engineering, construction, and aerospace. However, during the welding process, issues like hot cracking and intergranular corrosion can arise, adversely affecting the performance of welded joints. To thoroughly investigate the weldability and joint performance of stainless steel, this study focused on 304 and 316L stainless steels, employing two welding methods: me tal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Through a comprehensive evaluation using me tallographic analysis, hardness testing, tensile testing, bend testing, impact testing, and electrochemical corrosion testing, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the welded joints were systematically assessed. The results indicated that different welding methods significantly influenced the microstructure of the welded joints; MIG welding produced coarser grains with more columnar crystals, whereas TIG welding resulted in finer and more uniform grains. In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength, yield strength, and impact toughness of TIG welded joints were superior to those of MIG welded joints. Corrosion resistance tests revealed that TIG welded joints exhibited higher self-corrosion potentials and lower self-corrosion current densities, demonstrating better corrosion resistance. This study innovatively compared the effects of the two welding methods on the performance of stainless steel welded joints, providing theoretical foundations and technical support for optimizing stainless steel welding processes, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of stainless steel welded structures.
Keywords：Weldability Of Stainless Steel; Welded Joint Properties; Mig Welding
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 不锈钢焊接的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、不锈钢的焊接性分析 2
(一) 焊接性基本概念界定 2
(二) 影响焊接性的主要因素 3
(三) 不同类型不锈钢的焊接特点 3
三、焊接接头组织与性能 4
(一) 焊接接头微观组织演变 4
(二) 接头力学性能评估方法 5
(三) 焊接缺陷对性能的影响 5
四、焊接工艺参数优化 6
(一) 关键焊接参数选择 6
(二) 工艺参数对质量的影响 7
(三) 参数优化方案探讨 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
不锈钢因其优异的耐腐蚀性、高强度和美观特性，在化工、建筑、航空航天等领域得到广泛应用。然而，焊接过程中易出现热裂纹、晶间腐蚀等缺陷，影响焊接接头性能。为深入研究不锈钢焊接性及焊接接头性能，本研究以304和316L不锈钢为研究对象，采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊（MIG）和钨极氩弧焊（TIG）两种焊接方法，通过金相分析、硬度测试、拉伸试验、弯曲试验、冲击试验以及电化学腐蚀试验等手段，系统评估了焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。研究表明，不同焊接方法对焊接接头的显微组织有显著影响，MIG焊接接头晶粒粗大且存在较多柱状晶，而TIG焊接接头晶粒细小均匀；在力学性能方面，TIG焊接接头的抗拉强度、屈服强度和冲击韧性均优于MIG焊接接头；耐腐蚀性能测试表明，TIG焊接接头的自腐蚀电位更高，自腐蚀电流密度更低，表现出更好的耐腐蚀性。本研究创新性地对比分析了两种焊接方法对不锈钢焊接接头性能的影响，为优化不锈钢焊接工艺提供了理论依据和技术支持，有助于提高不锈钢焊接结构的安全性和可靠性。
关键词：不锈钢焊接性；焊接接头性能；MIG焊
Abstract
Stainless steel, owing to its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and aesthetic properties, has been widely utilized in industries such as chemical engineering, construction, and aerospace. However, during the welding process, issues like hot cracking and intergranular corrosion can arise, adversely affecting the performance of welded joints. To thoroughly investigate the weldability and joint performance of stainless steel, this study focused on 304 and 316L stainless steels, employing two welding methods: me tal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. Through a comprehensive evaluation using me tallographic analysis, hardness testing, tensile testing, bend testing, impact testing, and electrochemical corrosion testing, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the welded joints were systematically assessed. The results indicated that different welding methods significantly influenced the microstructure of the welded joints; MIG welding produced coarser grains with more columnar crystals, whereas TIG welding resulted in finer and more uniform grains. In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength, yield strength, and impact toughness of TIG welded joints were superior to those of MIG welded joints. Corrosion resistance tests revealed that TIG welded joints exhibited higher self-corrosion potentials and lower self-corrosion current densities, demonstrating better corrosion resistance. This study innovatively compared the effects of the two welding methods on the performance of stainless steel welded joints, providing theoretical foundations and technical support for optimizing stainless steel welding processes, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of stainless steel welded structures.
Keywords：Weldability Of Stainless Steel; Welded Joint Properties; Mig Welding
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 不锈钢焊接的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、不锈钢的焊接性分析 2
(一) 焊接性基本概念界定 2
(二) 影响焊接性的主要因素 3
(三) 不同类型不锈钢的焊接特点 3
三、焊接接头组织与性能 4
(一) 焊接接头微观组织演变 4
(二) 接头力学性能评估方法 5
(三) 焊接缺陷对性能的影响 5
四、焊接工艺参数优化 6
(一) 关键焊接参数选择 6
(二) 工艺参数对质量的影响 7
(三) 参数优化方案探讨 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
