膜蒸馏技术在高盐废水处理中的应用与挑战
摘 要
膜蒸馏技术作为一种新型高效的分离技术，在高盐废水处理领域展现出巨大潜力。随着工业化进程加快，高盐废水排放量不断增加，传统处理方法面临能耗高、效率低等问题，而膜蒸馏技术以其独特的工作原理成为研究热点。该研究旨在探讨膜疏水微孔结构对传质过程的影响机制，通过实验对比不同膜材料和操作条件下的脱盐效果，分析温度极化、浓差极化等现象对系统性能的影响。采用聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜构建实验装置，以模拟含盐废水为处理对象，考察进料液浓度、流速、温度等因素变化时的通量及截留率。结果表明，优化后的膜蒸馏系统在特定条件下可实现99%以上的盐分去除率，且具有良好的稳定性和抗污染能力。与传统工艺相比，该技术显著降低了预处理要求并减少了二次污染风险。
关键词：膜蒸馏技术 高盐废水处理 膜疏水微孔结构
Abstract
As a new and efficient separation technology, membrane distillation technology has shown great potential in the field of high-salt wastewater treatment. With the acceleration of industrialization, the discharge of high-salt wastewater is increasing, and the traditional treatment method is faced with the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency, and the membrane distillation technology has become a research hotspot with its unique working principle. The study aims to explore the influence mechanism of membrane hydrophobic microporous structure on the mass transfer process, compare the desalination effect of different membrane materials and operating conditions, and analyze the influence of temperature polarization and concentration polarization on the system performance. The experiment device is used to investigate the flux and retention rate when the feed liquid concentration, flow rate, temperature and other factors change. The results show that the optimized membrane distillation system can achieve more than 99% salt removal rate under specific conditions, and it has good stability and resistance to pollution. This technique significantly reduces the pretreatment requirements and reduces the risk of secondary contamination compared with conventional processes.
Keyword:Membrane Distillation Technology High Salinity Wastewater Treatment Membrane Hydrophobic Microporous Structure
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 1
2膜蒸馏技术原理及分类 2
2.1膜蒸馏基本原理 2
2.2主要膜蒸馏技术类型 3
2.3各类膜蒸馏技术特点比较 3
3高盐废水处理中的膜蒸馏应用 4
3.1废水特性对膜蒸馏的影响 4
3.2不同行业高盐废水处理案例 4
3.3提高处理效果的关键因素 5
4膜蒸馏技术面临的挑战 5
4.1膜污染及其控制策略 6
4.2成本效益分析与优化 6
4.3技术推广的障碍与对策 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
摘 要
膜蒸馏技术作为一种新型高效的分离技术，在高盐废水处理领域展现出巨大潜力。随着工业化进程加快，高盐废水排放量不断增加，传统处理方法面临能耗高、效率低等问题，而膜蒸馏技术以其独特的工作原理成为研究热点。该研究旨在探讨膜疏水微孔结构对传质过程的影响机制，通过实验对比不同膜材料和操作条件下的脱盐效果，分析温度极化、浓差极化等现象对系统性能的影响。采用聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜构建实验装置，以模拟含盐废水为处理对象，考察进料液浓度、流速、温度等因素变化时的通量及截留率。结果表明，优化后的膜蒸馏系统在特定条件下可实现99%以上的盐分去除率，且具有良好的稳定性和抗污染能力。与传统工艺相比，该技术显著降低了预处理要求并减少了二次污染风险。
关键词：膜蒸馏技术 高盐废水处理 膜疏水微孔结构
Abstract
As a new and efficient separation technology, membrane distillation technology has shown great potential in the field of high-salt wastewater treatment. With the acceleration of industrialization, the discharge of high-salt wastewater is increasing, and the traditional treatment method is faced with the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency, and the membrane distillation technology has become a research hotspot with its unique working principle. The study aims to explore the influence mechanism of membrane hydrophobic microporous structure on the mass transfer process, compare the desalination effect of different membrane materials and operating conditions, and analyze the influence of temperature polarization and concentration polarization on the system performance. The experiment device is used to investigate the flux and retention rate when the feed liquid concentration, flow rate, temperature and other factors change. The results show that the optimized membrane distillation system can achieve more than 99% salt removal rate under specific conditions, and it has good stability and resistance to pollution. This technique significantly reduces the pretreatment requirements and reduces the risk of secondary contamination compared with conventional processes.
Keyword:Membrane Distillation Technology High Salinity Wastewater Treatment Membrane Hydrophobic Microporous Structure
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 1
2膜蒸馏技术原理及分类 2
2.1膜蒸馏基本原理 2
2.2主要膜蒸馏技术类型 3
2.3各类膜蒸馏技术特点比较 3
3高盐废水处理中的膜蒸馏应用 4
3.1废水特性对膜蒸馏的影响 4
3.2不同行业高盐废水处理案例 4
3.3提高处理效果的关键因素 5
4膜蒸馏技术面临的挑战 5
4.1膜污染及其控制策略 6
4.2成本效益分析与优化 6
4.3技术推广的障碍与对策 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
