摘 要
气体分离技术在能源、化工等领域具有重要应用价值，传统吸附材料存在选择性差、吸附容量低等问题。本研究聚焦新型吸附材料在气体分离中的性能评估，旨在探索更高效的气体分离方案。选用金属有机框架材料（MOFs）作为研究对象，这类材料具有高比表面积、可调控孔径和丰富活性位点等优点。通过溶剂热法合成一系列不同结构与组成的MOFs材料，并采用X射线衍射、氮气吸脱附等手段对其结构与性质进行表征。以二氧化碳与甲烷混合气为研究体系，利用静态吸附实验考察其在不同温度和压力条件下的吸附量及选择性。结果表明，部分MOFs材料对二氧化碳展现出优异的吸附性能，在273K、1bar条件下，最高吸附量可达4.5mmol/g，且对二氧化碳/甲烷的选择性高达30以上。这主要归因于MOFs独特的孔道结构与官能团作用。本研究不仅为MOFs材料应用于实际气体分离提供了理论依据，还为其结构设计与性能优化指明了方向，有助于推动绿色化学与可持续发展进程。
关键词：气体分离 金属有机框架材料 二氧化碳吸附
Abstract
Gas separation technologies play a crucial role in energy and chemical industries, but traditional adsorbents suffer from limitations such as poor selectivity and low adsorption capacity. This study focuses on evaluating the performance of novel adsorbents for gas separation, aiming to explore more efficient separation strategies. me tal-organic fr ameworks (MOFs) were selected as the research subject due to their advantages of high specific surface area, tunable pore size, and abundant active sites. A series of MOFs with different structures and compositions were synthesized via solvothermal methods, and their structures and properties were characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption. Using a CO₂/CH₄ gas mixture as the model system, static adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption capacity and selectivity under various temperature and pressure conditions. The results showed that certain MOFs exhibited excellent CO₂ adsorption performance, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.5 mmol/g at 273 K and 1 bar, with a CO₂/CH₄ selectivity exceeding 30. This superior performance can be attributed to the unique pore structure and functional group interactions of MOFs. This study not only provides theoretical support for the practical application of MOFs in gas separation but also offers guidance for their structural design and performance optimization, contributing to the advancement of green chemistry and sustainable development.
Keyword:Gas Separation me tal-Organic fr amework Materials Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
目 录
引言 1
1新型吸附材料的特性分析 1
1.1吸附材料的结构特征 1
1.2表面性质与吸附性能 2
1.3热力学稳定性评估 2
2气体分离机制研究 3
2.1分子筛分效应分析 3
2.2选择性吸附原理 3
2.3吸附动力学过程 4
3实验测试与表征方法 5
3.1吸附容量测定技术 5
3.2循环稳定性的评价 5
3.3材料表征手段应用 6
4工业应用前景展望 6
4.1能源效率提升潜力 6
4.2成本效益分析探讨 7
4.3环境影响综合评价 7
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
