摘要
随着汽车工业的快速发展，车辆空气动力学性能优化成为提升燃油经济性和行驶稳定性的关键因素。本研究聚焦于降低风阻系数，旨在通过系统性方法优化车辆外形设计，以实现节能与性能提升。基于计算流体力学(CFD)仿真技术，结合实验风洞测试，对不同车型进行多维度分析，建立了完整的气动性能评估体系。创新性地引入了参数化建模与智能优化算法，实现了对车身曲面、底盘布局及后视镜等关键部位的精细化调整。研究结果表明，通过对车头曲率、侧裙板角度和尾部扩散器结构的优化，可使风阻系数降低8% - 12%，显著改善高速行驶时的能量消耗。此外，本研究还探讨了主动空气动力学系统的应用潜力，提出了一种基于实时工况的自适应调节方案，进一步提升了整车的综合性能。该研究成果不仅为现代汽车设计提供了理论依据和技术支持，也为未来新能源汽车的发展奠定了坚实基础，具有重要的工程应用价值和广阔的市场前景。
关键词：车辆空气动力学；风阻系数优化；计算流体力学
Abstract
With the rapid development of the automotive industry, optimizing vehicle aerodynamic performance has become a critical factor in enhancing fuel economy and driving stability. This study focuses on reducing the drag coefficient through systematic optimization of vehicle shape design to achieve energy savings and performance improvements. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technology combined with experimental wind tunnel testing, a comprehensive aerodynamic performance evaluation system was established for multi-dimensional analysis of different vehicle models. Innovatively, parameterized modeling and intelligent optimization algorithms were introduced, enabling precise adjustments to key areas such as body surfaces, underbody layout, and side mirrors. The results indicate that by optimizing the curvature of the front end, the angle of side skirts, and the structure of the rear diffuser, the drag coefficient can be reduced by 8% to 12%, significantly improving energy consumption at high speeds. Furthermore, this study explores the potential application of active aerodynamic systems and proposes an adaptive adjustment scheme based on real-time operating conditions, further enhancing overall vehicle performance. This research not only provides theoretical support and technical guidance for modern automobile design but also lays a solid foundation for the development of future new energy vehicles, demonstrating significant engineering application value and broad market prospects.
Keywords：Vehicle aerodynamics; optimization of wind resistance coefficient; computational fluid mechanics
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 车辆空气动力学研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、风阻系数影响因素分析 2
(一) 车身形状对风阻的影响 2
(二) 表面粗糙度与风阻关系 3
(三) 附加部件的风阻贡献 3
三、空气动力学性能优化策略 4
(一) 主动式空气动力学设计 4
(二) 被动式优化技术应用 5
(三) 多学科协同优化方法 5
四、实验验证与仿真分析 6
(一) 风洞实验研究 6
(二) 数值模拟方法 7
(三) 实车测试结果分析 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
随着汽车工业的快速发展，车辆空气动力学性能优化成为提升燃油经济性和行驶稳定性的关键因素。本研究聚焦于降低风阻系数，旨在通过系统性方法优化车辆外形设计，以实现节能与性能提升。基于计算流体力学(CFD)仿真技术，结合实验风洞测试，对不同车型进行多维度分析，建立了完整的气动性能评估体系。创新性地引入了参数化建模与智能优化算法，实现了对车身曲面、底盘布局及后视镜等关键部位的精细化调整。研究结果表明，通过对车头曲率、侧裙板角度和尾部扩散器结构的优化，可使风阻系数降低8% - 12%，显著改善高速行驶时的能量消耗。此外，本研究还探讨了主动空气动力学系统的应用潜力，提出了一种基于实时工况的自适应调节方案，进一步提升了整车的综合性能。该研究成果不仅为现代汽车设计提供了理论依据和技术支持，也为未来新能源汽车的发展奠定了坚实基础，具有重要的工程应用价值和广阔的市场前景。
关键词：车辆空气动力学；风阻系数优化；计算流体力学
Abstract
With the rapid development of the automotive industry, optimizing vehicle aerodynamic performance has become a critical factor in enhancing fuel economy and driving stability. This study focuses on reducing the drag coefficient through systematic optimization of vehicle shape design to achieve energy savings and performance improvements. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technology combined with experimental wind tunnel testing, a comprehensive aerodynamic performance evaluation system was established for multi-dimensional analysis of different vehicle models. Innovatively, parameterized modeling and intelligent optimization algorithms were introduced, enabling precise adjustments to key areas such as body surfaces, underbody layout, and side mirrors. The results indicate that by optimizing the curvature of the front end, the angle of side skirts, and the structure of the rear diffuser, the drag coefficient can be reduced by 8% to 12%, significantly improving energy consumption at high speeds. Furthermore, this study explores the potential application of active aerodynamic systems and proposes an adaptive adjustment scheme based on real-time operating conditions, further enhancing overall vehicle performance. This research not only provides theoretical support and technical guidance for modern automobile design but also lays a solid foundation for the development of future new energy vehicles, demonstrating significant engineering application value and broad market prospects.
Keywords：Vehicle aerodynamics; optimization of wind resistance coefficient; computational fluid mechanics
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 车辆空气动力学研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、风阻系数影响因素分析 2
(一) 车身形状对风阻的影响 2
(二) 表面粗糙度与风阻关系 3
(三) 附加部件的风阻贡献 3
三、空气动力学性能优化策略 4
(一) 主动式空气动力学设计 4
(二) 被动式优化技术应用 5
(三) 多学科协同优化方法 5
四、实验验证与仿真分析 6
(一) 风洞实验研究 6
(二) 数值模拟方法 7
(三) 实车测试结果分析 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
