摘 要
农业面源污染是当前水体环境面临的重要问题，随着农业生产规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的提高，化肥、农药等农用化学品的大量使用以及畜禽养殖废弃物的不合理处置，导致氮磷等营养物质和有害物质通过地表径流、土壤侵蚀等方式进入水体，对水体生态系统造成严重威胁。本研究旨在探讨农业面源污染对水体环境的影响及防控措施，以期为改善水体环境质量提供理论依据和技术支持。通过对典型农业流域进行实地调查采样与实验室分析相结合的方法，系统研究了农业面源污染物在水体中的迁移转化规律及其生态效应，并评估了不同防控措施的有效性。结果表明，农业面源污染显著改变了水体中氮磷等元素的浓度水平，引发富营养化现象，影响水生生物多样性；而采用优化施肥技术、建设生态沟渠、推广绿色防控技术等综合防控措施能够有效减少污染物入河量，改善水质状况。
关键词：农业面源污染 氮磷迁移转化 富营养化
Abstract
Agricultural non-point source pollution is an important problem facing the current water environment, with the expansion of agricultural production scale and the degree of intensification, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural chemicals and livestock and poultry breeding unreasonable disposal of waste, lead to nitrogen and phosphorus, and other nutrients and harmful substances through the surface runoff and soil erosion into the water, pose a serious threat to the water ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on water environment and the prevention and control measures, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving water environment quality. By combining field investigation and sampling with laboratory analysis in typical agricultural basins, the migration and ecological effects of agricultural non-point source pollutants in water bodies were systematically studied, and the effectiveness of different prevention and control measures was evaluated. The results show that agricultural non-point source pollution significantly changes the concentration level of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, causing eutrophication and affecting aquatic biodiversity. Comprehensive prevention and control measures such as optimizing fertilization technology, constructing ecological ditches and popularizing green prevention and control technology can effectively reduce the amount of pollutants into the river and improve the water quality.
Keyword:Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Nitrogen And Phosphorus Transformation And Migration Eutrophication
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 1
2农业面源污染的来源与特征 2
2.1化肥农药使用的影响 2
2.2畜禽养殖废弃物排放 2
2.3农村生活污水影响 2
3农业面源污染对水体环境的具体影响 2
3.1水质恶化机制分析 3
3.2生态系统破坏评估 3
3.3对人类健康的潜在威胁 4
4农业面源污染防控措施及策略 4
4.1政策法规体系建设 4
4.2技术创新与应用推广 5
4.3公众参与和教育宣传 5
结论 6
参考文献 7
致谢 8
农业面源污染是当前水体环境面临的重要问题，随着农业生产规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的提高，化肥、农药等农用化学品的大量使用以及畜禽养殖废弃物的不合理处置，导致氮磷等营养物质和有害物质通过地表径流、土壤侵蚀等方式进入水体，对水体生态系统造成严重威胁。本研究旨在探讨农业面源污染对水体环境的影响及防控措施，以期为改善水体环境质量提供理论依据和技术支持。通过对典型农业流域进行实地调查采样与实验室分析相结合的方法，系统研究了农业面源污染物在水体中的迁移转化规律及其生态效应，并评估了不同防控措施的有效性。结果表明，农业面源污染显著改变了水体中氮磷等元素的浓度水平，引发富营养化现象，影响水生生物多样性；而采用优化施肥技术、建设生态沟渠、推广绿色防控技术等综合防控措施能够有效减少污染物入河量，改善水质状况。
关键词：农业面源污染 氮磷迁移转化 富营养化
Abstract
Agricultural non-point source pollution is an important problem facing the current water environment, with the expansion of agricultural production scale and the degree of intensification, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural chemicals and livestock and poultry breeding unreasonable disposal of waste, lead to nitrogen and phosphorus, and other nutrients and harmful substances through the surface runoff and soil erosion into the water, pose a serious threat to the water ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on water environment and the prevention and control measures, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving water environment quality. By combining field investigation and sampling with laboratory analysis in typical agricultural basins, the migration and ecological effects of agricultural non-point source pollutants in water bodies were systematically studied, and the effectiveness of different prevention and control measures was evaluated. The results show that agricultural non-point source pollution significantly changes the concentration level of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, causing eutrophication and affecting aquatic biodiversity. Comprehensive prevention and control measures such as optimizing fertilization technology, constructing ecological ditches and popularizing green prevention and control technology can effectively reduce the amount of pollutants into the river and improve the water quality.
Keyword:Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Nitrogen And Phosphorus Transformation And Migration Eutrophication
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 1
2农业面源污染的来源与特征 2
2.1化肥农药使用的影响 2
2.2畜禽养殖废弃物排放 2
2.3农村生活污水影响 2
3农业面源污染对水体环境的具体影响 2
3.1水质恶化机制分析 3
3.2生态系统破坏评估 3
3.3对人类健康的潜在威胁 4
4农业面源污染防控措施及策略 4
4.1政策法规体系建设 4
4.2技术创新与应用推广 5
4.3公众参与和教育宣传 5
结论 6
参考文献 7
致谢 8
