摘 要
气体分离技术在能源、化工等领域具有重要应用价值，传统分离方法存在能耗高、效率低等问题。本研究聚焦新型膜材料在气体分离中的性能，旨在开发高效、稳定的气体分离膜材料。通过引入具有独特微观结构和化学性质的二维材料与聚合物复合，制备出兼具高选择性和高通量的混合基质膜。采用溶液共混法结合热诱导相分离技术，成功构建了均匀分散且界面相容性良好的复合膜结构。实验中选取CO₂/N₂、O₂/N₂等典型气体对为研究对象，系统考察了不同操作条件（温度、压力、进料组成）对分离性能的影响。结果表明，所制备的新型膜材料在保持良好机械强度的同时，展现出优异的选择性及渗透通量，特别是在CO₂/N₂分离体系中，分离因子较传统聚合物膜提高了约30%，渗透通量提升近50%。此外，该膜材料表现出良好的长期运行稳定性，在连续测试1000小时后仍能维持初始性能的95%以上。本研究不仅为高性能气体分离膜的设计提供了新思路，也为工业应用奠定了理论和技术基础，其创新点在于将二维材料的独特优势与聚合物膜的加工性能有机结合，实现了性能突破，有望推动相关领域的技术进步。
关键词：气体分离膜 二维材料复合 混合基质膜
Abstract
Gas separation technology plays a crucial role in energy and chemical industries, but traditional separation methods suffer from high energy consumption and low efficiency. This study focuses on the performance of novel membrane materials for gas separation, aiming to develop efficient and stable gas separation membranes. By incorporating two-dimensional materials with unique microstructures and chemical properties into polymers, hybrid matrix membranes that combine high selectivity and high flux were prepared. The solution blending method combined with thermally induced phase separation technology successfully constructed composite membrane structures with uniform dispersion and good interfacial compatibility. Typical gas pairs such as CO₂/N₂ and O₂/N₂ were selected as research ob jects to systematically investigate the effects of different operating conditions (temperature, pressure, feed composition) on separation performance. Results showed that the newly developed membrane materials exhibited excellent selectivity and permeation flux while maintaining good mechanical strength. Specifically, in the CO₂/N₂ separation system, the separation factor was approximately 30% higher than that of traditional polymer membranes, and the permeation flux increased by nearly 50%. Additionally, the membrane material demonstrated excellent long-term operational stability, retaining over 95% of its initial performance after continuous testing for 1000 hours. This research not only provides new insights into the design of high-performance gas separation membranes but also lays a theoretical and technical foundation for industrial applications. The innovation lies in integrating the unique advantages of two-dimensional materials with the processability of polymer membranes, achieving performance breakthroughs and potentially advancing relevant technologies.
Keyword:Gas Separation Membrane Two-Dimensional Material Composite Mixed Matrix Membrane
目 录
引言 1
1新型膜材料的制备与表征 1
1.1膜材料的合成方法 1
1.2材料结构与性能关系 2
1.3表面特性分析 2
2气体分离机制研究 3
2.1分离机理探讨 3
2.2选择性传输特性 3
2.3影响因素分析 4
3性能测试与评价 5
3.1测试方法建立 5
3.2分离效率评估 5
3.3稳定性考察 6
4应用前景与优化 6
4.1工业应用潜力 6
4.2性能改进策略 7
4.3发展趋势展望 7
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
