摘 要
随着全球对塑料污染问题的关注日益增加，传统塑料难以降解带来的环境压力促使生物降解塑料成为研究热点。本研究旨在开发新型聚酯类生物降解塑料，通过优化合成工艺和改性处理，提升材料的综合性能。采用熔融缩聚法合成了不同分子量的聚己内酯，并引入功能性单体进行共聚改性，制备了一系列具有不同结构特征的生物降解塑料。通过差示扫描量热仪、动态力学分析仪等手段系统表征了材料的结晶行为、热性能及机械性能，结果表明改性后的材料在保持良好生物降解性的基础上，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了35%和42%，同时耐热性能也得到显著改善。创新性地引入了可调节的支化结构，使材料兼具优异的加工性能和可控的降解速率。该研究成果为开发高性能生物降解塑料提供了新的思路与方法，有望推动其在包装、农用地膜等领域的应用，对于缓解白色污染具有重要意义。
关键词：生物降解塑料 聚己内酯 共聚改性
Abstract
As global concern over plastic pollution continues to increase, the environmental pressure caused by the non-degradability of traditional plastics has propelled biodegradable plastics into a research hotspot. This study aims to develop novel polyester-based biodegradable plastics by optimizing synthesis processes and modification treatments to enhance the overall performance of the materials. Poly-caprolactone with varying molecular weights was synthesized via melt polycondensation, and functional monomers were introduced for copolymerization modification, resulting in a series of biodegradable plastics with distinct structural characteristics. The crystallization behavior, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of these materials were systematically characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicate that the modified materials maintain excellent biodegradability while achieving a 35% increase in tensile strength and a 42% improvement in elongation at break; their heat resistance was also significantly enhanced. Innovatively, an adjustable branched structure was introduced, endowing the materials with superior processability and controllable degradation rates. This research provides new insights and methods for developing high-performance biodegradable plastics, potentially promoting their application in fields such as packaging and agricultural mulch films, which is of great significance for mitigating white pollution.
Keyword:Biodegradable Plastic Poly(Caprolactone) Copolymer Modification
目 录
引言 1
1生物降解塑料的合成原理 1
1.1合成路线的选择与优化 1
1.2关键反应条件控制 2
1.3新型催化剂的应用研究 2
2生物降解塑料的结构表征 3
2.1分子量及其分布测定 3
2.2晶体结构分析方法 3
2.3热性能测试技术 4
3生物降解塑料的降解特性 4
3.1降解机理探讨 4
3.2影响降解因素分析 5
3.3降解产物环境影响 5
4生物降解塑料的应用性能 6
4.1力学性能评估 6
4.2加工成型工艺 7
4.3实际应用案例分析 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
