摘 要
光催化技术作为一种环境友好型的高级氧化技术，在有机污染物降解领域展现出巨大潜力。随着环境污染问题日益严重，传统处理方法难以满足高效、绿色的要求，光催化技术凭借其在常温常压下利用光能将有机污染物彻底矿化为二氧化碳和水的优势脱颖而出。本研究旨在探索新型光催化剂的制备及其对典型有机污染物的降解性能，采用溶胶 - 凝胶法、水热法等手段成功制备了多种复合光催化剂，并通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等表征其结构与形貌。实验选取甲基橙、罗丹明B等作为目标污染物，在模拟太阳光照射下考察不同因素如pH值、催化剂用量、光照强度对降解效率的影响。结果表明，所制备的复合光催化剂具有良好的可见光响应能力和较高的比表面积，显著提高了对有机污染物的吸附和降解能力，其中TiO2/g - C3N4复合材料表现出最优的催化活性，在120分钟内对甲基橙的降解率可达95%以上。本研究创新性地将二维材料引入到传统光催化剂中，不仅拓宽了光吸收范围，还增强了电荷分离效率，为开发高效稳定的光催化体系提供了新思路，对推动光催化技术在实际水体净化中的应用具有重要意义。
关键词：光催化技术 复合光催化剂 有机污染物降解
Abstract
Photocatalytic technology, as an environmentally friendly advanced oxidation process, has demonstrated significant potential in the degradation of organic pollutants. With environmental pollution becoming increasingly severe, traditional treatment methods struggle to meet the demands for efficiency and sustainability. Photocatalysis stands out due to its ability to completely mineralize organic pollutants into carbon dioxide and water using light energy under ambient conditions. This study aims to explore the preparation of novel photocatalysts and their performance in degrading representative organic pollutants. Various composite photocatalysts were successfully synthesized using methods such as sol-gel and hydrothermal techniques, and their structures and morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methyl orange and Rhodamine B were selected as target pollutants, and the effects of factors like pH, catalyst dosage, and light intensity on degradation efficiency were investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. The results indicate that the prepared composite photocatalysts exhibit excellent visible-light response and high specific surface area, significantly enhancing adsorption and degradation capabilities. Notably, TiO2/g-C3N4 composites showed optimal catalytic activity, achieving a degradation rate of over 95% for methyl orange within 120 minutes. Innovatively incorporating two-dimensional materials into traditional photocatalysts not only broadened the light absorption range but also improved charge separation efficiency, providing new insights for developing efficient and stable photocatalytic systems. This research holds significant implications for advancing the practical application of photocatalytic technology in water purification.
Keyword:Photocatalytic Technology Composite Photocatalyst Organic Pollutant Degradation
目 录
引言 1
1光催化技术原理与进展 1
1.1光催化反应机制解析 1
1.2光催化剂材料特性 2
1.3影响光催化效率因素 2
2有机污染物特性分析 3
2.1有机污染物分类概述 3
2.2污染物分子结构特点 3
2.3污染物降解难易程度 4
3光催化降解过程研究 5
3.1降解反应动力学模型 5
3.2中间产物生成与转化 5
3.3反应条件优化探索 6
4应用前景与挑战应对 6
4.1实际应用案例分析 6
4.2技术经济性评估 7
4.3未来发展方向展望 7
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
