摘 要
超临界水氧化技术作为一种新兴的废水处理方法，因其在高温高压条件下对有机污染物具有极高的降解效率而备受关注。本研究旨在系统评估超临界水氧化技术在不同废水处理中的性能表现，特别是针对高浓度有机废水和难降解有机物的处理效果。通过实验设计，采用多种典型有机污染物作为研究对象，在不同反应温度（400-600℃）、压力（25-35MPa）及停留时间（1-10min）条件下进行超临界水氧化反应，考察了主要操作参数对有机物去除率、矿化程度以及能量消耗的影响。研究结果表明，在优化的操作条件下，超临界水氧化技术能够实现对多种有机污染物接近100%的去除率，且矿化程度高，副产物生成量少。特别地，本研究首次引入了能量效率评价指标，建立了污染物降解速率与能量消耗之间的定量关系模型，为该技术的实际应用提供了重要的理论依据。此外，通过对反应动力学分析，发现超临界水氧化过程中存在明显的自催化效应，进一步提高了反应速率和处理效率。研究表明，超临界水氧化技术不仅在处理高浓度有机废水方面表现出色，而且在节能减排方面也具有显著优势，为工业废水处理提供了一种高效、环保的新途径。
关键词：超临界水氧化技术 有机污染物降解 能量效率
Abstract
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology, as an emerging wastewater treatment method, has garnered significant attention due to its exceptionally high degradation efficiency of organic pollutants under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This study aims to systematically evaluate the performance of SCWO technology in treating various wastewaters, particularly focusing on high-concentration organic wastewater and recalcitrant organic compounds. Through experimental design, multiple typical organic pollutants were selected as research subjects, and SCWO reactions were conducted under varying reaction temperatures (400-600°C), pressures (25-35 MPa), and residence times (1-10 min). The effects of primary operating parameters on organic removal efficiency, mineralization degree, and energy consumption were investigated. The results indicate that under optimized operating conditions, SCWO technology can achieve nearly 100% removal rates for various organic pollutants with high mineralization and minimal byproduct formation. Notably, this study introduces an energy efficiency evaluation metric for the first time, establishing a quantitative relationship model between pollutant degradation rate and energy consumption, providing crucial theoretical support for practical applications. Additionally, kinetic analysis revealed a pronounced self-catalytic effect during the SCWO process, further enhancing reaction rates and treatment efficiency. The study demonstrates that SCWO technology not only excels in treating high-concentration organic wastewater but also offers significant advantages in energy conservation and emission reduction, presenting an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for industrial wastewater treatment.
Keyword:Supercritical Water Oxidation Technology Organic Pollutant Degradation Energy Efficiency
目 录
引言 1
1超临界水氧化技术原理 1
1.1超临界水特性分析 1
1.2氧化反应机制探讨 2
1.3技术优势与局限性 2
2废水处理中的应用条件 3
2.1温度对处理效果的影响 3
2.2压力对反应速率的作用 3
2.3废水成分适应性评估 4
3性能参数优化研究 4
3.1反应停留时间控制 4
3.2氧化剂投加量优化 5
3.3运行成本效益分析 5
4环境与安全性能评价 6
4.1二次污染物生成分析 6
4.2设备耐腐蚀性测试 7
4.3安全操作规范建议 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
