摘 要
随着全球能源需求的增长和对环境保护的重视，生物柴油作为一种可再生清洁能源受到广泛关注。本研究旨在探索优化生物柴油制备工艺并对其性能进行全面评价。以废弃油脂为原料，采用酸碱两步催化法、酶催化法及超临界法三种不同工艺制备生物柴油，在此基础上系统考察了反应温度、时间、催化剂种类与用量等关键因素对产率的影响，确定了最优工艺条件。实验结果表明，酸碱两步催化法在150℃、4h条件下，甲醇与油脂摩尔比6:1时转化率可达95%以上；酶催化法具有环境友好特性，但成本较高；超临界法则表现出高效快速的优势。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、气相色谱等手段分析了产物结构与组成，并依据国家标准测试了生物柴油的理化性质，包括密度、黏度、闪点等指标均符合要求。
关键词：生物柴油制备 废弃油脂资源化 酸碱两步催化
Abstract
With the growth of global energy demand and the emphasis on environmental protection, biodiesel has attracted wide attention as a renewable and clean energy source. This study aims to explore the optimized biodiesel preparation process and comprehensively evaluate its performance. With waste oil as raw material, three different processes of acid-base catalysis, enzyme catalysis and supercritical method are used for biodiesel preparation. On the basis of this, the influence of key factors such as reaction temperature, time, catalyst type and dosage on the yield is systematically investigated, and the optimal process conditions are determined. The experimental results show that the conversion rate of acid-base catalysis is above 95% when methanol to oil is 6:1 at 150℃ and 4h, but the cost is high; the supercritical method shows the advantage of high efficiency and speed. The product structure and composition were analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography, and the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel were tested according to the national standard, including density, viscosity, flash point and other indicators to meet the requirements.
Keyword:Biodiesel Production Waste Oil Resource Utilization Acid-base Two-step Catalysis
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1生物柴油研究的背景与意义 1
1.2生物柴油制备工艺的研究现状 1
1.3本文的研究方法概述 1
2生物柴油的制备工艺 2
2.1原料选择及其预处理 2
2.2酯交换反应条件优化 2
2.3催化剂的选择与应用 3
3生物柴油性能评价体系 4
3.1燃烧性能测试分析 4
3.2理化性质测定方法 4
3.3环境影响评估指标 5
4生物柴油的应用前景与挑战 5
4.1工业应用现状分析 6
4.2技术经济性评价 6
4.3发展趋势与展望 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
随着全球能源需求的增长和对环境保护的重视，生物柴油作为一种可再生清洁能源受到广泛关注。本研究旨在探索优化生物柴油制备工艺并对其性能进行全面评价。以废弃油脂为原料，采用酸碱两步催化法、酶催化法及超临界法三种不同工艺制备生物柴油，在此基础上系统考察了反应温度、时间、催化剂种类与用量等关键因素对产率的影响，确定了最优工艺条件。实验结果表明，酸碱两步催化法在150℃、4h条件下，甲醇与油脂摩尔比6:1时转化率可达95%以上；酶催化法具有环境友好特性，但成本较高；超临界法则表现出高效快速的优势。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、气相色谱等手段分析了产物结构与组成，并依据国家标准测试了生物柴油的理化性质，包括密度、黏度、闪点等指标均符合要求。
关键词：生物柴油制备 废弃油脂资源化 酸碱两步催化
Abstract
With the growth of global energy demand and the emphasis on environmental protection, biodiesel has attracted wide attention as a renewable and clean energy source. This study aims to explore the optimized biodiesel preparation process and comprehensively evaluate its performance. With waste oil as raw material, three different processes of acid-base catalysis, enzyme catalysis and supercritical method are used for biodiesel preparation. On the basis of this, the influence of key factors such as reaction temperature, time, catalyst type and dosage on the yield is systematically investigated, and the optimal process conditions are determined. The experimental results show that the conversion rate of acid-base catalysis is above 95% when methanol to oil is 6:1 at 150℃ and 4h, but the cost is high; the supercritical method shows the advantage of high efficiency and speed. The product structure and composition were analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography, and the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel were tested according to the national standard, including density, viscosity, flash point and other indicators to meet the requirements.
Keyword:Biodiesel Production Waste Oil Resource Utilization Acid-base Two-step Catalysis
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1生物柴油研究的背景与意义 1
1.2生物柴油制备工艺的研究现状 1
1.3本文的研究方法概述 1
2生物柴油的制备工艺 2
2.1原料选择及其预处理 2
2.2酯交换反应条件优化 2
2.3催化剂的选择与应用 3
3生物柴油性能评价体系 4
3.1燃烧性能测试分析 4
3.2理化性质测定方法 4
3.3环境影响评估指标 5
4生物柴油的应用前景与挑战 5
4.1工业应用现状分析 6
4.2技术经济性评价 6
4.3发展趋势与展望 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
