马尾松林冠层结构对林下植被多样性的影响 -林学专业

摘要

马尾松林是我国南方重要的森林类型，其冠层结构对林下植被多样性具有重要影响。本研究旨在探讨马尾松林冠层结构特征与林下植被多样性的关系，以期为森林经营管理提供理论依据。选择典型马尾松林地，采用样方法调查林分结构和林下植被，利用层次聚类分析、典范对应分析等方法分析数据。结果表明，不同年龄阶段的马尾松林冠层结构存在显著差异，进而影响林下光照、温度、湿度等环境因子，导致林下植被种类组成和数量发生改变。幼龄林中，由于冠层郁闭度较低，林下光照充足，草本植物种类丰富；而成熟林冠层郁闭度高，林下光照弱，苔藓地衣占优势。创新性地构建了基于冠层结构参数预测林下植被多样性的模型，该模型可准确评估不同经营措施对林下植被的影响，为实现马尾松林可持续经营提供了新思路。

关键词：马尾松林; 冠层结构; 林下植被多样性; 年龄阶段差异; 预测模型

Abstract

Pinus massoniana forests are a significant forest type in southern China, and their canopy structure plays a crucial role in influencing understory vegetation diversity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the canopy structure characteristics of Pinus massoniana forests and understory vegetation diversity, providing theoretical support for forest management and operation. Typical Pinus massoniana forest plots were selected, and plot sampling methods were employed to survey stand structure and understory vegetation. Data were analyzed using hierarchical clustering analysis, canonical correspondence analysis, and other methods. The results indicate that there are significant differences in canopy structure among different age stages of Pinus massoniana forests, which in turn affect environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity beneath the canopy, leading to changes in the composition and abundance of understory vegetation. In young stands, lower canopy closure allows for ample light penetration, resulting in rich herbaceous plant diversity; whereas in mature stands, high canopy closure reduces light availability, favoring mosses and lichens. Innovatively, this study developed a model based on canopy structure parameters to predict understory vegetation diversity, which can accurately assess the impact of different management practices on understory vegetation, offering new insights for achieving sustainable management of Pinus massoniana forests.

Key words:Pinus Massoniana Forest; Canopy Structure; Understory Vegetation Diversity; Age Stage Differences; Prediction Model

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 II

第1章、绪论 4

1.1、研究背景与意义 4

1.2、国内外研究现状 4

第2章、马尾松林冠层结构特征 6

2.1、冠层空间分布格局 6

2.2、冠层光照透射特性 6

2.3、冠层结构的季节变化 7

第3章、林下植被多样性现状 8

3.1、植被种类组成分析 8