生物基聚合物复合材料的制备与性能研究
摘 要
本研究旨在开发高性能生物基聚合物复合材料，通过优化制备工艺提升其力学性能和热稳定性。采用熔融共混法制备聚乳酸/纳米纤维素复合材料，系统研究了纳米纤维素含量、表面改性及加工参数对材料性能的影响规律。当纳米纤维素含量为5wt%时，复合材料的拉伸强度达到78.3MPa，较纯聚乳酸提高了42.6%；热变形温度提升至112℃，较基体提高了23℃。通过硅烷偶联剂对纳米纤维素进行表面改性，显著改善了填料与基体的界面相容性，使冲击强度提升了35%。创新性地引入动态硫化技术，成功制备了具有"海岛结构"的聚乳酸/天然橡胶复合材料，实现了刚性与韧性的协同增强。通过合理的配方设计和工艺优化，可有效调控生物基聚合物复合材料的微观结构和宏观性能。本研究为开发高性能生物基复合材料提供了理论依据和技术支撑，对推动绿色材料的产业化应用具有重要意义。
关键词：纳米纤维素 聚乳酸 力学性能
Abstract
This study aims to develop high-performance bio-based polymer composites to improve their mechanical properties and thermal stability by optimizing the preparation process. Polylactic acid / nanocellulose composite was prepared by fusion method, and the effects of nanocellulose content, surface modification and processing parameters were studied systematically. When the nanocellulose content is 5 wt%, the tensile strength of the composite material reached 78.3MPa, 42.6% higher than the pure PLA; the thermal deformation temperature increased to 112℃, 23℃ higher than the matrix. Surface modification of nanocellulose by silane coupling agent significantly improved the interface compatibility between the filler and the matrix and increased the impact strength by 35%. The dynamic vulcanization technology was innovatively introduced, and the polylactic acid / natural rubber composite material with "island structure" was successfully prepared, realizing the synergistic enhancement of rigidity and toughness. The microstructure and macroscopic properties of bio-based polymer composites can be effectively regulated through rational formulation design and process optimization. This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the development of high-performance bio-matrix composite materials, and is of great significance to promoting the industrial application of green materials.
Keyword: Nanocellulose PLA mechanical properties
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2生物基聚合物复合材料研究现状分析 1
2生物基聚合物复合材料的制备工艺研究 1
2.1生物基聚合物的选择与表征 1
2.2 复合材料的界面改性技术 2
2.3成型工艺参数优化研究 3
3生物基聚合物复合材料的性能表征 3
3.1力学性能测试与分析 3
3.2热学性能评价方法 4
3.3降解性能与环境影响评估 4
4生物基聚合物复合材料的应用研究 5
4.1在包装领域的应用前景 5
4.2在汽车工业中的应用潜力 5
4.3在医疗器械中的应用探索 6
5结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
摘 要
本研究旨在开发高性能生物基聚合物复合材料，通过优化制备工艺提升其力学性能和热稳定性。采用熔融共混法制备聚乳酸/纳米纤维素复合材料，系统研究了纳米纤维素含量、表面改性及加工参数对材料性能的影响规律。当纳米纤维素含量为5wt%时，复合材料的拉伸强度达到78.3MPa，较纯聚乳酸提高了42.6%；热变形温度提升至112℃，较基体提高了23℃。通过硅烷偶联剂对纳米纤维素进行表面改性，显著改善了填料与基体的界面相容性，使冲击强度提升了35%。创新性地引入动态硫化技术，成功制备了具有"海岛结构"的聚乳酸/天然橡胶复合材料，实现了刚性与韧性的协同增强。通过合理的配方设计和工艺优化，可有效调控生物基聚合物复合材料的微观结构和宏观性能。本研究为开发高性能生物基复合材料提供了理论依据和技术支撑，对推动绿色材料的产业化应用具有重要意义。
关键词：纳米纤维素 聚乳酸 力学性能
Abstract
This study aims to develop high-performance bio-based polymer composites to improve their mechanical properties and thermal stability by optimizing the preparation process. Polylactic acid / nanocellulose composite was prepared by fusion method, and the effects of nanocellulose content, surface modification and processing parameters were studied systematically. When the nanocellulose content is 5 wt%, the tensile strength of the composite material reached 78.3MPa, 42.6% higher than the pure PLA; the thermal deformation temperature increased to 112℃, 23℃ higher than the matrix. Surface modification of nanocellulose by silane coupling agent significantly improved the interface compatibility between the filler and the matrix and increased the impact strength by 35%. The dynamic vulcanization technology was innovatively introduced, and the polylactic acid / natural rubber composite material with "island structure" was successfully prepared, realizing the synergistic enhancement of rigidity and toughness. The microstructure and macroscopic properties of bio-based polymer composites can be effectively regulated through rational formulation design and process optimization. This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the development of high-performance bio-matrix composite materials, and is of great significance to promoting the industrial application of green materials.
Keyword: Nanocellulose PLA mechanical properties
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2生物基聚合物复合材料研究现状分析 1
2生物基聚合物复合材料的制备工艺研究 1
2.1生物基聚合物的选择与表征 1
2.2 复合材料的界面改性技术 2
2.3成型工艺参数优化研究 3
3生物基聚合物复合材料的性能表征 3
3.1力学性能测试与分析 3
3.2热学性能评价方法 4
3.3降解性能与环境影响评估 4
4生物基聚合物复合材料的应用研究 5
4.1在包装领域的应用前景 5
4.2在汽车工业中的应用潜力 5
4.3在医疗器械中的应用探索 6
5结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
