森林游憩活动对环境影响的评价方法 -林学专业

摘要

随着森林游憩活动的日益普及，其对生态环境的影响已成为学术界关注的焦点。本研究旨在构建一套科学、系统的森林游憩活动环境影响评价方法，为生态旅游的可持续发展提供理论依据和实践指导。研究采用多学科交叉的方法，结合生态学、环境科学和旅游管理等领域的最新研究成果，建立了包含生物多样性、土壤结构、水资源质量和景观完整性等核心指标的评价体系。通过实地调查和长期监测，收集了不同类型森林游憩区的环境数据，并运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对数据进行处理和分析。研究结果表明，不同强度的游憩活动对环境的影响存在显著差异，其中高强度活动对土壤压实度和植被覆盖率的负面影响尤为突出。基于此，本研究提出了"分区管理"和"承载力控制"相结合的优化策略，为平衡游憩需求与生态保护提供了新的思路。本研究的创新点在于首次将景观完整性纳入评价体系，并开发了适用于不同森林类型的动态评价模型。

关键词：森林游憩活动；环境影响评价；生态旅游；景观完整性

EVALUATION METHODS OF FOREST RECREATION ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ABSTRACT

With the increasing popularity of forest recreation activities, their impact on ecological environment has become the focus of academic attention. The purpose of this study is to establish a set of scientific and systematic environmental impact assessment methods for forest recreation activities, and to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable development of ecotourism. The study adopted a multidisciplinary approach, combined with the latest research results in the fields of ecology, environmental science and tourism management, and established an evaluation system including biodiversity, soil structure, water resources quality and landscape integrity. Through field investigation and long-term monitoring, the environmental data of different types of forest recreation areas were collected, and the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to process and analyze the data. The results show that there are significant differences in the environmental impacts of recreational activities with different intensities, especially the negative impacts of high-intensity recreational activities on soil compaction and vegetation coverage. Based on this, this study puts forward an optimization strategy combining "zoning management" and "carrying capacity control", which provides a new idea for balancing recreational demand and ecological protection. The innovation of this study is that landscape integrity is included in the evaluation system for the first time, and dynamic evaluation models are developed for different forest types.

KEY WORDS：Forest recreation activities; Environmental impact assessment; Ecotourism; Landscape integrity

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

第2章森林游憩活动环境影响特征分析 3

2.1 游憩活动类型及其影响特征 3

2.2 环境要素的响应机制 3

2.3 影响程度的时空分布规律 4

第3章森林游憩环境影响评价指标体系构建 5

3.1 评价指标选取原则与方法 5