摘 要
生物炭作为一种新型土壤改良剂，在农业领域已展现出显著的生态效益，但其在森林生态系统中的应用研究仍相对匮乏。本研究旨在探讨生物炭对森林土壤肥力的提升效果及其作用机制，为森林可持续经营提供科学依据。研究选取典型温带落叶阔叶林为试验地，采用田间控制试验与室内分析相结合的方法，系统研究了不同施用量的生物炭对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及养分循环的影响。结果表明，生物炭的施用显著改善了土壤物理结构，其中30 t/ha处理使土壤容重降低12.3%，孔隙度增加15.6%；同时，生物炭有效提高了土壤有机碳含量和养分有效性，20 t/ha处理下土壤有机碳含量较对照增加28.7%，速效氮、磷、钾分别提高23.5%、19.8%和16.2%。微生物群落分析显示，生物炭的添加促进了有益微生物的生长，特别是固氮菌和溶磷菌的数量显著增加。此外，生物炭还通过调节土壤pH值和阳离子交换量来优化土壤环境。
关键词：生物炭；森林土壤肥力；土壤理化性质；微生物群落结构
APPLICATION OF BIOCHAR IN IMPROVING FOREST SOIL FERTILITY
ABSTRACT
As a new soil amendment, biochar has shown remarkable ecological benefits in the agricultural field, but its application in forest ecosystem is still relatively scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar on forest soil fertility and its mechanism, and to provide scientific basis for forest sustainable management. In this study, a typical temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest was selected as the experimental site, and the effects of different application amounts of biochar on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and nutrient cycling were systematically studied by combining field control experiment and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the application of biochar significantly improved the soil physical structure, in which 30 t/ha treatment reduced the bulk density of soil by 12.3%, and increased the porosity by 15.6%. At the same time, biochar effectively improved soil organic carbon content and nutrient availability. Under 20 t/ha treatment, soil organic carbon content increased by 28.7% compared with control, and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased by 23.5%, 19.8% and 16.2%, respectively. Microbial community analysis showed that the addition of biochar promoted the growth of beneficial microorganisms, especially the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorolytic bacteria increased significantly. In addition, biochar optimizes the soil environment by regulating soil pH and cation exchange capacity.
KEY WORDS：Biochar; Forest soil fertility; Soil physical and chemical properties; Microbial community structure
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
第2章 生物炭特性及其对森林土壤的影响 3
2.1 生物炭的物理化学特性 3
2.2 生物炭对土壤理化性质的影响 3
2.3 生物炭对土壤微生物群落的作用 3
第3章 生物炭在森林土壤肥力提升中的应用机制 5
3.1 生物炭改善土壤养分循环的机理 5
3.2 生物炭促进植物生长的作用机制 5
3.3 生物炭对森林生态系统碳汇功能的影响 6
第4章 生物炭在森林土壤改良中的实践应用 7
4.1 不同林型下生物炭施用效果比较 7
4.2 生物炭施用量与施用方式优化研究 7
4.3 生物炭长期施用对森林土壤的影响评估 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
