森林经营对地面水质影响的长期监测分析 -林学专业

摘要

森林经营作为重要的生态系统管理方式，其长期实施对地面水质的影响尚未得到系统评估。本研究以我国典型亚热带常绿阔叶林为研究对象，通过建立长期定位监测网络，采用多指标综合评价方法，系统分析了不同森林经营模式对地面水质的动态影响机制。研究选取了天然林、人工林和次生林三种典型森林类型，设置了对照样地和经营样地，连续15年监测了水体pH值、溶解氧、总氮、总磷等关键水质指标。结果表明，适度间伐和择伐等经营措施在短期内会导致水体中营养盐浓度升高，但经过3-5年的自然恢复期后，水质指标可恢复到接近原始状态；而大面积皆伐则会造成更持久的水质恶化，恢复周期长达8年以上。研究创新性地提出了基于生态阈值的森林经营强度分级体系，并建立了森林经营与水质变化的定量关系模型。这些发现对于实现森林可持续经营和水资源保护具有重要的理论和实践意义。

关键词：森林经营；地面水质；亚热带常绿阔叶林；生态阈值

LONG-TERM MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY

ABSTRACT

As an important way of ecosystem management, the impact of forest management on surface water quality in the long term has not been systematically evaluated. Taking the typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest as the research ob ject, this study systematically analyzed the dynamic influence mechanism of different forest management models on surface water quality by establishing long-term positioning monitoring network and using multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. Three typical forest types of natural forest, planted forest and secondary forest were selected for the study, and the control plots and management plots were set up. The key water quality indexes such as pH value, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were monitored for 15 consecutive years. The results showed that moderate thinning and selective cutting could lead to the increase of nutrient concentration in the short term, but the water quality index could be restored to the original state after the natural recovery period of 3-5 years. On the other hand, extensive clear-cutting results in more permanent water quality deterioration, with a recovery period of more than eight years. The research innovatively proposed a classification system of forest management intensity based on ecological threshold, and established a quantitative relationship model between forest management and water quality change. These findings have important theoretical and practical significance for realizing sustainable forest management and water resources protection.

KEY WORDS：Forest management; Surface water quality; Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest; Ecological threshold

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

第2章森林经营对水质影响的理论基础 3

2.1 森林水文过程与水质关系 3

2.2 森林经营活动的生态效应 3

2.3 水质评价指标体系构建 3

第3章长期监测数据采集与分析 5

3.1 研究区域与样地设置 5