人工林对区域气候的影响研究 -林学专业

摘要

人工林作为重要的陆地生态系统组成部分，对区域气候具有显著影响。本研究旨在系统评估人工林对区域气候的调节作用，揭示其潜在机制，为生态修复和气候变化应对提供科学依据。研究基于多源遥感数据和地面观测资料，结合数值模拟方法，选取中国南方典型人工林区为研究对象，重点分析人工林对气温、降水和蒸散发等关键气候要素的影响。结果表明，人工林通过改变地表反照率和粗糙度，显著降低区域气温，平均降温幅度达0.5-1.2℃；同时，人工林通过增强蒸散发过程，增加局地降水约5%-10%，有效改善区域水循环。研究创新性地构建了人工林-气候耦合模型，量化了不同树种和龄级人工林的气候调节效应，发现成熟阔叶林的降温增湿效果最为显著。此外，研究揭示了人工林对极端气候事件的缓解作用，在高温干旱期间可降低地表温度2-3℃，提高空气湿度10%-15%。这些发现为优化人工林配置、提升生态系统服务功能提供了重要参考。

关键词：人工林；区域气候调节；蒸散发；地表反照率

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF PLANTATION ON REGIONAL CLIMATE

ABSTRACT

As an important part of terrestrial ecosystem, plantation has a significant impact on regional climate. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the regulatory effect of plantation on regional climate and reveal its potential mechanism, so as to provide scientific basis for ecological restoration and climate change response. Based on multi-source remote sensing data and ground observation data, combined with numerical simulation methods, this study selected typical artificial forests in southern China as the research ob ject, focusing on the impact of artificial forests on key climate factors such as temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration. The results showed that by changing the surface albedo and roughness, the plantation significantly reduced the regional air temperature, with an average cooling range of 0.5-1.2℃. At the same time, by enhancing the evapotranspiration process, the plantation can increase the local precipitation by about 5%-10%, and effectively improve the regional water cycle. A coupled plant-climate model was constructed to quantify the climate-regulating effects of different tree species and age groups. It was found that mature broad-leaved forest had the most significant cooling and humidification effects. In addition, the study revealed the mitigation effect of plantation on extreme climate events, which can reduce surface temperature by 2-3 ° C and increase air humidity by 10%-15% during high temperature and drought. These findings provide important references for optimizing plantation allocation and improving ecosystem service functions.

KEY WORDS：Plantation forest; Regional climate regulation; Evapotranspiration; Surface albedo

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 人工林与区域气候关系的研究现状 2

第2章人工林对区域气候的物理影响机制 4

2.1 人工林对地表温度的影响分析 4

2.2 人工林对降水模式的调节作用 4

2.3 人工林对风速与空气流动的影响研究 5

第3章人工林对区域气候的生态效应评估 6

3.1 人工林对碳汇功能的贡献分析 6