人工林树种混交模式对生态系统服务的影响 -林学专业

摘要

人工林作为重要的生态系统服务提供者，在全球气候变化和生物多样性保护中扮演着关键角色。然而，单一树种人工林的广泛种植导致了生态系统服务的退化，尤其是土壤质量下降、生物多样性减少和水资源管理问题。本研究旨在探讨不同树种混交模式对生态系统服务的影响，以期为人工林的可持续管理提供科学依据。通过在中国南方典型人工林区域进行长期定位观测和实验，结合遥感数据与生态模型分析，研究了三种主要混交模式对土壤碳储量、水源涵养能力及生物多样性的影响。结果表明，针叶-阔叶混交模式显著提高了土壤有机碳含量和水源涵养能力，同时增加了植物物种丰富度；乡土树种混交模式在维持土壤肥力和生物多样性方面表现最佳；而外来树种混交模式虽然在短期内提高了木材产量，但对土壤质量和生物多样性的长期影响较为有限。研究创新性地揭示了不同混交模式对生态系统服务的差异化效应，并提出了基于生态系统服务优化的人工林管理策略。

关键词：人工林；混交模式；生态系统服务；土壤碳储量；生物多样性

EFFECTS OF MIXED PATTERNS OF TREE SPECIES IN PLANTATION ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

ABSTRACT

Plantations, as important ecosystem service providers, play a key role in global climate change and biodiversity conservation. However, the widespread planting of mono-tree plantations has led to the degradation of ecosystem services, particularly soil quality, biodiversity reduction and water resource management issues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different tree species on ecosystem services, in order to provide scientific basis for sustainable management of planted forests. The effects of three main mixing patterns on soil carbon storage, water conservation capacity and biodiversity were studied through long-term positioning observations and experiments in a typical plantation area in southern China, combined with remote sensing data and ecological models. The results showed that coniferous broad-leaved mixed mode significantly increased soil organic carbon content and water conservation capacity, and increased plant species richness. The mixed pattern of native tree species was the best in maintaining soil fertility and biodiversity. However, although the mixed model of exotic tree species increased wood yield in the short term, the long-term impact on soil quality and biodiversity was limited. The study innovatively revealed the differentiated effects of different mixing models on ecosystem services, and proposed a management strategy based on ecosystem services optimization.

KEY WORDS：Plantation Forest; Mixed Mode; Ecosystem Services; Soil Carbon Storage; Biodiversity

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

第2章人工林树种混交模式对碳汇功能的影响 3

2.1 不同混交模式下碳储量变化特征 3

2.2 混交模式对土壤碳库的影响机制 3

2.3 气候变化背景下混交模式的碳汇潜力评估 4

第3章人工林树种混交模式对水文调节功能的影响 5

3.1 混交模式对地表径流和土壤水分的调控作用 5