人工林经营对生物多样性影响分析 -林学专业

摘要

人工林作为全球森林资源的重要组成部分，在提供木材、碳汇和生态服务方面发挥着关键作用。然而，人工林的单一树种结构和集约化经营模式往往导致生物多样性下降，进而影响生态系统的稳定性和功能。本研究旨在探讨人工林经营对生物多样性的影响机制，并提出相应的优化策略。通过对中国南方典型人工林的长期监测和对比分析，结合遥感数据和实地调查，研究发现不同经营模式下生物多样性的变化趋势存在显著差异。传统集约化经营模式下，植物多样性和鸟类多样性显著降低，而采用混交林和近自然经营模式的人工林则表现出较高的生物多样性水平。研究进一步揭示了土壤微生物群落结构与植物多样性之间的密切关联，表明土壤健康状况是影响生物多样性的重要因素。基于此，本研究提出了基于生态系统服务的多功能经营策略，强调在人工林经营中兼顾经济效益与生态保护的双重目标。

关键词：人工林；生物多样性；经营模式；遥感技术；土壤微生物群落

ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS OF PLANTATION MANAGEMENT ON BIODIVERSITY

ABSTRACT

As an important component of global forest resources, plantation forests play a key role in providing timber, carbon sink and ecological services. However, mono-tree structures and intensive management models of planted forests often lead to a decline in biodiversity, which in turn affects the stability and functioning of ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of the impact of plantation management on biodiversity and to propose corresponding optimization strategies. Through long-term monitoring and comparative analysis of typical plantations in southern China, combined with remote sensing data and field investigation, the study found that there were significant differences in the change trend of biodiversity under different management modes. Under traditional intensive management, plant diversity and bird diversity decreased significantly, while mixed forests and near-nature plantations showed higher levels of biodiversity. The study further revealed the close relationship between soil microbial community structure and plant diversity, indicating that soil health status is an important factor affecting biodiversity. Based on this, this study puts forward a multi-functional management strategy based on ecosystem services, emphasizing the dual goals of economic benefit and ecological protection in plantation management.

KEY WORDS：Plantation Forest; Biodiversity; Business Model; Remote Sensing Technology; Soil Microbial Community

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 人工林经营对生物多样性影响的背景与意义 2

1.2 人工林经营对生物多样性影响的研究现状 2

第2章人工林经营对物种多样性的影响分析 3

2.1 人工林类型对物种多样性的影响 3

2.2 经营强度对物种多样性的动态变化 3

2.3 不同区域人工林对物种多样性的空间差异分析 4

第3章人工林经营对生态系统功能的影响分析 5

3.1 人工林经营对土壤微生物多样性的影响 5