工程造价中的工程量清单计价模式研究
摘要
工程量清单计价模式作为现代工程造价管理的重要工具，以其明确性、透明性、灵活性和合理性等特点，在工程项目造价确定与控制中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文深入探讨了工程量清单计价模式的基本原理、主要内容、实施步骤及其在工程造价中的应用效果，旨在为提升工程造价管理水平提供理论支撑和实践指导。工程量清单计价模式以工程量清单为基础，通过详细列明工程项目的各项工作内容及其对应的工程量，为投标方提供了明确的报价依据。该模式强调市场竞争形成价格，投标方根据自身技术实力、管理水平及市场供求状况自主报价，从而实现了工程造价的合理确定与有效控制。工程量清单计价模式的主要内容包括分部分项工程费、措施项目费、其他项目费、规费和税金等，涵盖了工程项目实施过程中的各项费用，确保了工程造价的全面性和准确性。在实施工程量清单计价模式的过程中，需要遵循严格的步骤和规范。首先，招标方需编制详细的工程量清单，明确工程项目的各项工作内容及其对应的工程量；其次，投标方根据工程量清单进行自主报价，形成工程合同价格；最后，在工程实施过程中，双方依据工程量清单进行工程款支付和结算，确保工程造价的动态控制。工程量清单计价模式在工程造价中的应用效果显著。一方面，该模式促进了市场竞争，激发了投标方的积极性和创造力，推动了工程造价水平的整体提升；另一方面，通过明确工程量清单和费用构成，该模式增强了工程造价的透明度和可控性，有助于减少工程变更和索赔事件的发生。此外，工程量清单计价模式还为工程造价的动态管理和信息化建设提供了有力支持，推动了工程造价管理向更加科学、高效的方向发展。工程量清单计价模式是现代工程造价管理的重要工具，其应用对于提升工程造价管理水平、促进市场竞争、增强工程造价透明度和可控性具有重要意义。未来，随着建筑市场的不断发展和完善，工程量清单计价模式将在工程造价领域发挥更加重要的作用。
关键词：工程量清单计价、工程造价管理、市场竞争形成价格
Abstract
As an important tool of modern engineering cost management, , with its characteristics of clarity, transparency, flexibility and rationality, plays a vital role in the determination and control of engineering project cost. This paper deeply discusses the basic principle, main contents, implementation steps and application effect of bill of quantities valuation mode in engineering cost, aims at providing theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the management level of engineering cost. Bill of Quantities pricing mode is based on bill of quantities, by specifying each work content of the project and corresponding quantities, provides bidders with a clear basis for quotation. This model emphasizes that market competition forms the price. bidders offer prices independently according to their own technical strength, management level and market supply and demand conditions, thus realizing reasonable determination and effective control of project cost. The main contents of the valuation mode of bill of quantities include division-specific project fee, measure project fee, other project fee, regulation fee and tax, etc. covers all expenses during the implementation of the project, and ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the project cost. In the process of implementing the bill of quantities pricing model, needs to follow strict steps and specifications. First of all, the bid inviter shall prepare a detailed bill of quantities, clearly define each work content of the project and the corresponding quantities; Secondly, the bidder shall make its own quotation based on the bill of quantities, and shall form the project contract price. Finally, During the implementation of the project, both parties shall pay and settle the project funds according to the bill of quantities, to ensure the dynamic control of the project cost. The application effect of bill of quantities valuation mode in engineering cost is remarkable. On the one hand, promotes market competition, stimulates the enthusiasm and creativity of bidders, and promotes the overall improvement of project cost. On the other hand, by clarifying the bill of quantities and cost composition, this model enhances the transparency and controllability of project cost, is helpful to reduce the occurrence of engineering changes and claims. In addition, bill of quantities pricing mode also provides strong support for the dynamic management and information construction of project cost, promotes the development of project cost management to a more scientific and efficient direction . Bill of Quantities valuation mode is an important tool of modern engineering cost management. its application is of great significance for improving the level of engineering cost management, promoting market competition, enhancing the transparency and controllability of engineering cost. in the future, with the continuous development and improvement of the construction market, bill of quantities valuation mode will play a more important role in the field of engineering cost.
Key words : bill of quantities valuation, project cost management, market competition formation price
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 5
二、工程量清单计价模式概述 6
2.1 工程量清单计价模式的定义 6
2.1.1 工程量清单计价模式的概念界定 6
2.1.2 计价模式的特点 6
2.2 工程量清单计价模式的组成 7
2.2.1 工程量清单的结构 7
2.2.2 计价依据和标准 7
2.3 工程量清单计价模式的运作流程 8
2.3.1 编制流程 8
2.3.2 审核与调整流程 9
2.4 工程量清单计价模式的法规与标准 9
2.4.1 国家法规 9
2.4.2 行业标准 10
三、工程量清单计价模式的影响因素 10
3.1 项目特征因素 10
3.1.1 项目规模与复杂度 10
3.1.2 设计变更频率 11
3.2 市场环境因素 12
3.2.1 材料价格波动 12
3.2.2 供应链稳定性 12
3.3 政策法规因素 13
3.3.1 税收政策变动 13
3.3.2 相关法规修订 13
3.4 企业资源因素 14
3.4.1 人力资源能力 14
3.4.2 资金运作状况 14
四、工程量清单计价模式的实证分析 15
4.1 案例项目概况 15
4.1.1 项目背景介绍 15
4.1.2 项目特点分析 16
4.2 案例项目的计价模式应用 16
4.2.1 计价模式的具体应用 16
4.2.2 应用中遇到的问题及应对策略 17
4.3 案例项目的效果评估 18
4.3.1 成本控制效果 18
4.3.2 时间管理效果 18
4.4 案例项目的启示与建议 19
4.4.1 对类似项目的启示 19
4.4.2 计价模式优化建议 19
五、结论 20
参考文献 21
摘要
工程量清单计价模式作为现代工程造价管理的重要工具，以其明确性、透明性、灵活性和合理性等特点，在工程项目造价确定与控制中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文深入探讨了工程量清单计价模式的基本原理、主要内容、实施步骤及其在工程造价中的应用效果，旨在为提升工程造价管理水平提供理论支撑和实践指导。工程量清单计价模式以工程量清单为基础，通过详细列明工程项目的各项工作内容及其对应的工程量，为投标方提供了明确的报价依据。该模式强调市场竞争形成价格，投标方根据自身技术实力、管理水平及市场供求状况自主报价，从而实现了工程造价的合理确定与有效控制。工程量清单计价模式的主要内容包括分部分项工程费、措施项目费、其他项目费、规费和税金等，涵盖了工程项目实施过程中的各项费用，确保了工程造价的全面性和准确性。在实施工程量清单计价模式的过程中，需要遵循严格的步骤和规范。首先，招标方需编制详细的工程量清单，明确工程项目的各项工作内容及其对应的工程量；其次，投标方根据工程量清单进行自主报价，形成工程合同价格；最后，在工程实施过程中，双方依据工程量清单进行工程款支付和结算，确保工程造价的动态控制。工程量清单计价模式在工程造价中的应用效果显著。一方面，该模式促进了市场竞争，激发了投标方的积极性和创造力，推动了工程造价水平的整体提升；另一方面，通过明确工程量清单和费用构成，该模式增强了工程造价的透明度和可控性，有助于减少工程变更和索赔事件的发生。此外，工程量清单计价模式还为工程造价的动态管理和信息化建设提供了有力支持，推动了工程造价管理向更加科学、高效的方向发展。工程量清单计价模式是现代工程造价管理的重要工具，其应用对于提升工程造价管理水平、促进市场竞争、增强工程造价透明度和可控性具有重要意义。未来，随着建筑市场的不断发展和完善，工程量清单计价模式将在工程造价领域发挥更加重要的作用。
关键词：工程量清单计价、工程造价管理、市场竞争形成价格
Abstract
As an important tool of modern engineering cost management, , with its characteristics of clarity, transparency, flexibility and rationality, plays a vital role in the determination and control of engineering project cost. This paper deeply discusses the basic principle, main contents, implementation steps and application effect of bill of quantities valuation mode in engineering cost, aims at providing theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the management level of engineering cost. Bill of Quantities pricing mode is based on bill of quantities, by specifying each work content of the project and corresponding quantities, provides bidders with a clear basis for quotation. This model emphasizes that market competition forms the price. bidders offer prices independently according to their own technical strength, management level and market supply and demand conditions, thus realizing reasonable determination and effective control of project cost. The main contents of the valuation mode of bill of quantities include division-specific project fee, measure project fee, other project fee, regulation fee and tax, etc. covers all expenses during the implementation of the project, and ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the project cost. In the process of implementing the bill of quantities pricing model, needs to follow strict steps and specifications. First of all, the bid inviter shall prepare a detailed bill of quantities, clearly define each work content of the project and the corresponding quantities; Secondly, the bidder shall make its own quotation based on the bill of quantities, and shall form the project contract price. Finally, During the implementation of the project, both parties shall pay and settle the project funds according to the bill of quantities, to ensure the dynamic control of the project cost. The application effect of bill of quantities valuation mode in engineering cost is remarkable. On the one hand, promotes market competition, stimulates the enthusiasm and creativity of bidders, and promotes the overall improvement of project cost. On the other hand, by clarifying the bill of quantities and cost composition, this model enhances the transparency and controllability of project cost, is helpful to reduce the occurrence of engineering changes and claims. In addition, bill of quantities pricing mode also provides strong support for the dynamic management and information construction of project cost, promotes the development of project cost management to a more scientific and efficient direction . Bill of Quantities valuation mode is an important tool of modern engineering cost management. its application is of great significance for improving the level of engineering cost management, promoting market competition, enhancing the transparency and controllability of engineering cost. in the future, with the continuous development and improvement of the construction market, bill of quantities valuation mode will play a more important role in the field of engineering cost.
Key words : bill of quantities valuation, project cost management, market competition formation price
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 5
二、工程量清单计价模式概述 6
2.1 工程量清单计价模式的定义 6
2.1.1 工程量清单计价模式的概念界定 6
2.1.2 计价模式的特点 6
2.2 工程量清单计价模式的组成 7
2.2.1 工程量清单的结构 7
2.2.2 计价依据和标准 7
2.3 工程量清单计价模式的运作流程 8
2.3.1 编制流程 8
2.3.2 审核与调整流程 9
2.4 工程量清单计价模式的法规与标准 9
2.4.1 国家法规 9
2.4.2 行业标准 10
三、工程量清单计价模式的影响因素 10
3.1 项目特征因素 10
3.1.1 项目规模与复杂度 10
3.1.2 设计变更频率 11
3.2 市场环境因素 12
3.2.1 材料价格波动 12
3.2.2 供应链稳定性 12
3.3 政策法规因素 13
3.3.1 税收政策变动 13
3.3.2 相关法规修订 13
3.4 企业资源因素 14
3.4.1 人力资源能力 14
3.4.2 资金运作状况 14
四、工程量清单计价模式的实证分析 15
4.1 案例项目概况 15
4.1.1 项目背景介绍 15
4.1.2 项目特点分析 16
4.2 案例项目的计价模式应用 16
4.2.1 计价模式的具体应用 16
4.2.2 应用中遇到的问题及应对策略 17
4.3 案例项目的效果评估 18
4.3.1 成本控制效果 18
4.3.2 时间管理效果 18
4.4 案例项目的启示与建议 19
4.4.1 对类似项目的启示 19
4.4.2 计价模式优化建议 19
五、结论 20
参考文献 21
