摘 要
零售业作为直接面向消费者的行业，其营运资金管理特别是库存控制策略对于维持企业竞争力和财务健康至关重要。有效的库存控制不仅能够提高资金流动性，降低库存成本，还能提升客户满意度和企业盈利能力。首先，本文在绪论部分介绍了研究的背景和意义，回顾了国内外相关研究的现状，并明确了研究的目的。在相关概念阐述部分，对营运资金、库存的定义、分类以及库存管理的目标与策略进行了详细说明，为后续分析奠定了理论基础。在零售业库存管理现状分析部分，本文深入探讨了零售业库存管理的特点，包括市场需求的快速变化、高库存周转要求和商品种类的多样化。同时，分析了零售业在库存管理中存在的问题，如库存积压与缺货、库存成本控制难题和库存信息管理不完善。此外，还讨论了库存管理对营运资金的影响，包括库存水平与资金占用、库存周转率与资金流动性以及库存决策与资金风险的关系。库存控制策略分析部分是本文的核心，提出了一系列库存控制模型与方法，包括经典库存控制模型和现代库存控制方法，并针对零售业的特点推荐了适用的库存控制模型。本文还探讨了供应链协同与库存管理的策略，如供应商管理库存、联合库存管理和供应链信息共享。此外，本文还提出了高效库存控制策略，包括需求预测与库存计划、库存分类管理和动态库存控制策略，并讨论了技术支持在库存控制中的应用，如库存管理系统和仓库管理系统。这些建议旨在帮助零售企业优化库存管理，提升库存控制效率，降低库存成本，提高资金流动性，从而增强企业的市场竞争力和财务稳定性。
关键词：零售业；库存管理；库存控制策略；营运资金；供应链协同
Abstract
As a direct-to-consumer industry, retail industry's working capital management, especially inventory control strategy, is crucial to maintain the competitiveness and financial health of enterprises. Effective inventory control can not only improve capital liquidity, reduce inventory costs, but also improve customer satisfaction and corporate profitability. First of all, this paper introduces the background and significance of the research in the introduction part, reviews the status quo of relevant research at home and abroad, and clarifies the purpose of the research. In the part of related concepts, the definition and classification of working capital and inventory, as well as the ob jectives and strategies of inventory management are explained in detail, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent analysis. In the analysis of the current situation of retail inventory management, this paper deeply discusses the characteristics of retail inventory management, including the rapid change of market demand, high inventory turnover requirements and the diversification of commodity types. At the same time, it analyzes the problems in inventory management, such as inventory overhang and shortage, inventory cost control and inventory information management is not perfect. In addition, the influence of inventory management on working capital is also discussed, including the relationship between inventory level and capital occupation, inventory turnover and capital liquidity, inventory decision and capital risk. The analysis of inventory control strategy is the core of this paper. It puts forward a series of inventory control models and methods, including classical inventory control model and modern inventory control method, and recommends suitable inventory control model according to the characteristics of retail industry. This paper also discusses the strategies of supply chain collaboration and inventory management, such as vendor managed inventory, joint inventory management and supply chain information sharing. In addition, this paper also puts forward efficient inventory control strategy, including demand forecasting and inventory planning, inventory classification management and dynamic inventory control strategy, and discusses the application of technical support in inventory control, such as inventory management system and warehouse management system. These suggestions are designed to help retail enterprises optimize inventory management, improve inventory control efficiency, reduce inventory costs, improve capital liquidity, and thus enhance the market competitiveness and financial stability of enterprises.
Key words: retail industry; Inventory management; Inventory control strategy; Working capital; Supply chain collaboration
目 录
一、绪论 3
1.1 研究背景及意义 3
1.2 国内外研究现状 3
1.3 研究目的 3
二、相关概念阐述 4
2.1 营运资金的概念与重要性 4
2.2 营运资金管理的目标与原则 4
2.3 库存的定义与分类 4
2.4 库存管理的目标与策略 5
三、零售业库存管理现状分析 5
3.1 零售业库存管理的特点 5
3.1.1 快速变化的市场需求 5
3.1.2 高库存周转要求 5
3.1.3 多样化的商品种类 6
3.2 零售业库存管理存在的问题 6
3.2.1 库存积压与缺货问题 6
3.2.2 库存成本控制难题 7
3.2.3 库存信息管理不完善 7
3.3 库存管理对营运资金的影响 7
3.3.1 库存水平与资金占用 7
3.3.2 库存周转率与资金流动性 8
3.3.3 库存决策与资金风险 8
四、库存控制策略分析 9
4.1 库存控制模型与方法 9
4.1.1 经典库存控制模型 9
4.1.2 现代库存控制方法 9
4.1.3 零售业适用的库存控制模型 9
4.2 供应链协同与库存管理 10
4.2.1 供应商管理库存 10
4.2.2 联合库存管理 10
4.2.3 供应链信息共享 11
4.3 高效库存控制策略 11
4.3.1 需求预测与库存计划 11
4.3.2 库存分类管理 11
4.3.3 动态库存控制策略 12
4.4 库存控制的技术支持 12
4.4.1 库存管理系统 12
4.4.2 仓库管理系统 12
4.4.3 人工智能与大数据在库存控制中的应用 13
五、结论 13
参考文献 14
