摘 要
石墨烯,作为一种具有独特二维结构的碳纳米材料,因其卓越的电学性能、机械强度和化学可修饰性,在电化学工程领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文旨在探讨石墨烯及其复合材料的制备技术、基本特性以及在电化学能源和传感等多个领域的应用,并对其在电化学工程中的其他应用进行了展望。在石墨烯基复合材料的制备章节中,本文讨论了石墨烯与不同材料如碳材料、金属及氧化物、聚合物的复合策略,并介绍了复合材料的制备技术,如原位聚合法、溶胶-凝胶法和层叠自组装技术。这些制备方法为石墨烯基复合材料的多样化设计和功能化提供了可能。石墨烯及其复合材料在电化学能源中的应用章节重点探讨了石墨烯在超级电容器、锂离子电池、燃料电池和太阳能电池中的应用。石墨烯的高导电性和大比表面积使其在提高能源存储和转换效率方面发挥了关键作用。石墨烯复合材料的开发章节进一步分析了复合材料的增强机制和常见的石墨烯复合材料类型,以及复合材料的合成与制备技术。这些研究为石墨烯基复合材料的性能优化和应用拓展提供了理论依据。在电化学传感应用章节中,本文讨论了石墨烯复合材料在电化学生物传感器、环境污染物检测传感器和电化学化学传感器中的应用,以及传感器性能的优化策略。石墨烯的高灵敏度和快速响应特性使其在传感器领域具有显著优势。最后,本文还探讨了石墨烯及其复合材料在电化学工程中的其他应用,如电化学催化和电化学防腐,这些应用展示了石墨烯在电化学工程领域的广泛潜力。
关键词:石墨烯;复合材料;电化学能源;电化学传感
Abstract
Graphene, as a carbon nanomaterial with a unique two-dimensional structure, has shown great application potential in the field of electrochemical engineering due to its excellent electrical properties, mechanical strength and chemical modifiable properties. In this paper, the preparation techniques, basic properties and applications of graphene and its composites in many fields such as electrochemical energy and sensing are discussed, and other applications in electrochemical engineering are prospected. In the chapter of preparation of graphene-based composites, this paper discusses the composite strategies of graphene with different materials such as carbon materials, me tals and oxides, and polymers, and introduces the preparation techniques of composite materials, such as in situ polymerization, sol-gel method and laminated self-assembly technology. These preparation methods provide the possibility for the diversified design and functionalization of graphene-based composites. The chapter on the application of graphene and its composites to electrochemical energy focuses on the application of graphene in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells and solar cells. Graphene's high electrical conductivity and large specific surface area make it a key player in improving energy storage and conversion efficiency. The chapter on the development of graphene composites further analyzes the strengthening mechanisms of composites and common types of graphene composites, as well as the synthesis and preparation techniques of composites. These studies provide a theoretical basis for the performance optimization and application expansion of graphene-based composites. In the chapter of electrochemical Sensing applications, this paper discusses the application of graphene composites in electrochemical biosensors, environmental pollutant detection sensors and electrochemical chemical sensors, as well as optimization strategies for sensor performance. The high sensitivity and fast response characteristics of graphene make it a significant advantage in the field of sensors. Finally, other applications of graphene and its composites in electrochemical engineering, such as electrochemical catalysis and electrochemical corrosion prevention, are also explored, which demonstrate the broad potential of graphene in the field of electrochemical engineering.
Key words: graphene; Composite material; Electrochemical energy; Electrochemical sensing
目 录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景及意义 4
1.2 国内外研究现状 4
1.3 研究目的 4
二、石墨烯的基本特性 4
2.1 石墨烯的结构与性质 4
2.2 石墨烯的优异电学性能 5
2.3 石墨烯的化学可修饰性 5
三、石墨烯基复合材料的制备 6
3.1 石墨烯与碳材料的复合 6
3.1.1 石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料 6
3.1.2 石墨烯/活性炭复合材料 6
3.2 石墨烯与金属及氧化物的复合 6
3.2.1 石墨烯/金属纳米颗粒复合材料 6
3.2.2 石墨烯/金属氧化物复合材料 7
3.3 石墨烯与聚合物的复合 7
3.3.1 石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料 7
3.3.2 石墨烯/绝缘聚合物复合材料 7
3.4 复合材料的制备技术 8
3.4.1 原位聚合法 8
3.4.2 溶胶-凝胶法 8
3.4.3 层叠自组装技术 8
四、石墨烯及其复合材料在电化学能源中的应用 8
4.1 在超级电容器中的应用 8
4.2 在锂离子电池中的应用 9
4.3 在燃料电池中的应用 9
4.4 在太阳能电池中的应用 9
五、石墨烯复合材料的开发 10
5.1 复合材料的增强机制 10
5.2 常见的石墨烯复合材料类型 10
5.3 复合材料的合成与制备技术 10
六、石墨烯及其复合材料在电化学传感中的应用 11
6.1 电化学生物传感器 11
6.2 环境污染物检测传感器 11
6.3 电化学化学传感器 11
6.4 传感器的性能优化 11
七、石墨烯及其复合材料在电化学工程中的其他应用 12
7.1 在电化学催化中的应用 12
7.2 在电化学防腐中的应用 12
7.3 在电化学储能中的应用 13
八、结论 13
参考文献 13