抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中的调峰作用分析
摘要
本文深入探讨了抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中的调峰作用，分析了其在应对电力系统负荷波动、保障电网安全稳定运行以及提升电力系统经济性方面的重要作用。随着电力需求的不断增长和能源结构的多元化，电力系统的负荷波动日益加剧，对电网的调峰能力提出了更高要求。抽水蓄能电站作为一种灵活、高效的储能方式，通过其独特的抽水蓄能循环，在电力系统中扮演着至关重要的调峰角色。本文阐述了抽水蓄能电站的基本原理与运行特点。抽水蓄能电站利用电力系统负荷低谷时的多余电能抽水至上水库，储存为水的势能；在负荷高峰时放水至下水库发电，释放储存的能量，从而有效平衡电力供需矛盾。其独特的运行方式使得抽水蓄能电站具有启停迅速、调节灵活、反应速度快等显著优势。本文详细分析了抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中的调峰作用。一方面，抽水蓄能电站可以显著提高电力系统的调峰能力，通过快速响应负荷变化，减轻其他发电机组的调峰压力，降低发电成本，提高电力系统运行的经济性。另一方面，抽水蓄能电站还可以为电力系统提供事故备用容量，保障电网在突发事件下的安全稳定运行。在电网故障或负荷骤增时，抽水蓄能电站可以迅速启动，提供紧急电力支援，防止电网崩溃。本文还探讨了抽水蓄能电站在促进新能源消纳方面的作用。随着风电、光伏等新能源的大规模接入电网，其出力的间歇性和不确定性给电网调峰带来了巨大挑战。抽水蓄能电站通过其灵活的调节能力，可以平抑新能源出力的波动，提高新能源的利用率和电网的接纳能力。抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中具有举足轻重的调峰作用。其独特的运行方式和显著优势使得其成为保障电网安全稳定运行、提升电力系统经济性和促进新能源消纳的重要手段。未来，随着电力需求的持续增长和能源结构的不断优化，抽水蓄能电站的调峰作用将更加凸显，其在电力系统中的地位也将更加重要。
关键词：抽水蓄能电站；电力系统；调峰作用
Abstract
This paper discusses the peaking function of pumped storage power station in the power system, and analyzes its important role in coping with the load fluctuation of the power system, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and improving the economy of the power system. With the continuous growth of power demand and the diversification of energy structure, the load fluctuation of power system is becoming more and more serious, which puts forward higher requirements for the peak load balancing capacity of power grid. Pumped storage power station, as a flexible and efficient way of energy storage, plays an important role in peak regulation in power system through its unique pumped storage cycle. This paper describes the basic principle and operation characteristics of pumped storage power station. The pumped storage power station uses the excess electric energy of the power system when the load is low to pump water to the upper reservoir and store it as the potential energy of water. During peak load, water is released to the lower reservoir for power generation to release stored energy, thus effectively balancing the contradiction between power supply and demand. Its unique mode of operation makes the pumped storage power station have obvious advantages such as quick start and stop, flexible adjustment and fast reaction speed. This paper analyzes in detail the peak regulating function of pumped storage power station in power system. On the one hand, pumped storage power stations can significantly improve the peaking capacity of the power system, reduce the peaking pressure of other generating units, reduce power generation costs, and improve the operation economy of the power system through rapid response to load changes. On the other hand, pumped storage power stations can also provide emergency standby capacity for the power system to ensure the safe and stable operation of the grid under emergencies. In the event of a grid failure or sudden load increase, pumped storage power stations can be quickly activated to provide emergency power support and prevent grid collapse. This paper also discusses the role of pumped storage power station in promoting the consumption of new energy. With the large-scale integration of wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy into the power grid, the intermittency and uncertainty of its output have brought great challenges to the power grid peak regulation. Pumped storage power station can smooth the fluctuation of new energy output, improve the utilization rate of new energy and the acceptance capacity of power grid through its flexible adjustment ability. Pumped storage power station plays an important role in peak regulation in electric power system. Its unique mode of operation and significant advantages make it an important means to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid, improve the economy of the power system and promote the consumption of new energy. In the future, with the continuous growth of power demand and the continuous optimization of energy structure, the peak load balancing function of pumped storage power stations will be more prominent, and its position in the power system will be more important.
Key words: pumped storage power station; Electric power system; Peak regulation
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
二、抽水蓄能电站概述 5
2.1 抽水蓄能电站的工作原理 5
2.1.1 抽水蓄能过程描述 5
2.1.2 发电释放能量过程 5
2.2 抽水蓄能电站的类型与特点 5
2.2.1 按地理位置分类 5
2.2.2 按装机容量分类 6
2.3 抽水蓄能电站的经济效益 6
2.3.1 经济效益分析 6
2.3.2 成本效益比较 6
2.4 抽水蓄能电站的环境影响 7
2.4.1 生态环境影响 7
2.4.2 环境改善措施 7
三、电力系统调峰需求分析 8
3.1 电力系统的负荷特性 8
3.1.1 负荷曲线分析 8
3.1.2 峰谷差形成原因 8
3.2 调峰的必要性 8
3.2.1 电力系统稳定性要求 8
3.2.2 电力质量保障 9
3.3 调峰手段对比 9
3.3.1 传统调峰手段 9
3.3.2 新型调峰技术 9
3.4 调峰需求的未来趋势 10
3.4.1 电力市场发展影响 10
3.4.2 新能源接入的影响 10
四、抽水蓄能电站的调峰机制 11
4.1 调峰运行模式 11
4.1.1 单一调峰模式 11
4.1.2 复合调峰模式 12
4.2 调峰能力评估 12
4.2.1 调峰能力指标 12
4.2.2 影响因素分析 12
4.3 调峰运行控制策略 13
4.3.1 调度指令响应 13
4.3.2 优化控制算法 13
4.4 调峰效果及其影响因素 13
4.4.1 调峰效果评价标准 13
4.4.2 关键影响因素识别 14
五、结论 14
参考文献 16
摘要
本文深入探讨了抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中的调峰作用，分析了其在应对电力系统负荷波动、保障电网安全稳定运行以及提升电力系统经济性方面的重要作用。随着电力需求的不断增长和能源结构的多元化，电力系统的负荷波动日益加剧，对电网的调峰能力提出了更高要求。抽水蓄能电站作为一种灵活、高效的储能方式，通过其独特的抽水蓄能循环，在电力系统中扮演着至关重要的调峰角色。本文阐述了抽水蓄能电站的基本原理与运行特点。抽水蓄能电站利用电力系统负荷低谷时的多余电能抽水至上水库，储存为水的势能；在负荷高峰时放水至下水库发电，释放储存的能量，从而有效平衡电力供需矛盾。其独特的运行方式使得抽水蓄能电站具有启停迅速、调节灵活、反应速度快等显著优势。本文详细分析了抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中的调峰作用。一方面，抽水蓄能电站可以显著提高电力系统的调峰能力，通过快速响应负荷变化，减轻其他发电机组的调峰压力，降低发电成本，提高电力系统运行的经济性。另一方面，抽水蓄能电站还可以为电力系统提供事故备用容量，保障电网在突发事件下的安全稳定运行。在电网故障或负荷骤增时，抽水蓄能电站可以迅速启动，提供紧急电力支援，防止电网崩溃。本文还探讨了抽水蓄能电站在促进新能源消纳方面的作用。随着风电、光伏等新能源的大规模接入电网，其出力的间歇性和不确定性给电网调峰带来了巨大挑战。抽水蓄能电站通过其灵活的调节能力，可以平抑新能源出力的波动，提高新能源的利用率和电网的接纳能力。抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中具有举足轻重的调峰作用。其独特的运行方式和显著优势使得其成为保障电网安全稳定运行、提升电力系统经济性和促进新能源消纳的重要手段。未来，随着电力需求的持续增长和能源结构的不断优化，抽水蓄能电站的调峰作用将更加凸显，其在电力系统中的地位也将更加重要。
关键词：抽水蓄能电站；电力系统；调峰作用
Abstract
This paper discusses the peaking function of pumped storage power station in the power system, and analyzes its important role in coping with the load fluctuation of the power system, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and improving the economy of the power system. With the continuous growth of power demand and the diversification of energy structure, the load fluctuation of power system is becoming more and more serious, which puts forward higher requirements for the peak load balancing capacity of power grid. Pumped storage power station, as a flexible and efficient way of energy storage, plays an important role in peak regulation in power system through its unique pumped storage cycle. This paper describes the basic principle and operation characteristics of pumped storage power station. The pumped storage power station uses the excess electric energy of the power system when the load is low to pump water to the upper reservoir and store it as the potential energy of water. During peak load, water is released to the lower reservoir for power generation to release stored energy, thus effectively balancing the contradiction between power supply and demand. Its unique mode of operation makes the pumped storage power station have obvious advantages such as quick start and stop, flexible adjustment and fast reaction speed. This paper analyzes in detail the peak regulating function of pumped storage power station in power system. On the one hand, pumped storage power stations can significantly improve the peaking capacity of the power system, reduce the peaking pressure of other generating units, reduce power generation costs, and improve the operation economy of the power system through rapid response to load changes. On the other hand, pumped storage power stations can also provide emergency standby capacity for the power system to ensure the safe and stable operation of the grid under emergencies. In the event of a grid failure or sudden load increase, pumped storage power stations can be quickly activated to provide emergency power support and prevent grid collapse. This paper also discusses the role of pumped storage power station in promoting the consumption of new energy. With the large-scale integration of wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy into the power grid, the intermittency and uncertainty of its output have brought great challenges to the power grid peak regulation. Pumped storage power station can smooth the fluctuation of new energy output, improve the utilization rate of new energy and the acceptance capacity of power grid through its flexible adjustment ability. Pumped storage power station plays an important role in peak regulation in electric power system. Its unique mode of operation and significant advantages make it an important means to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid, improve the economy of the power system and promote the consumption of new energy. In the future, with the continuous growth of power demand and the continuous optimization of energy structure, the peak load balancing function of pumped storage power stations will be more prominent, and its position in the power system will be more important.
Key words: pumped storage power station; Electric power system; Peak regulation
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
二、抽水蓄能电站概述 5
2.1 抽水蓄能电站的工作原理 5
2.1.1 抽水蓄能过程描述 5
2.1.2 发电释放能量过程 5
2.2 抽水蓄能电站的类型与特点 5
2.2.1 按地理位置分类 5
2.2.2 按装机容量分类 6
2.3 抽水蓄能电站的经济效益 6
2.3.1 经济效益分析 6
2.3.2 成本效益比较 6
2.4 抽水蓄能电站的环境影响 7
2.4.1 生态环境影响 7
2.4.2 环境改善措施 7
三、电力系统调峰需求分析 8
3.1 电力系统的负荷特性 8
3.1.1 负荷曲线分析 8
3.1.2 峰谷差形成原因 8
3.2 调峰的必要性 8
3.2.1 电力系统稳定性要求 8
3.2.2 电力质量保障 9
3.3 调峰手段对比 9
3.3.1 传统调峰手段 9
3.3.2 新型调峰技术 9
3.4 调峰需求的未来趋势 10
3.4.1 电力市场发展影响 10
3.4.2 新能源接入的影响 10
四、抽水蓄能电站的调峰机制 11
4.1 调峰运行模式 11
4.1.1 单一调峰模式 11
4.1.2 复合调峰模式 12
4.2 调峰能力评估 12
4.2.1 调峰能力指标 12
4.2.2 影响因素分析 12
4.3 调峰运行控制策略 13
4.3.1 调度指令响应 13
4.3.2 优化控制算法 13
4.4 调峰效果及其影响因素 13
4.4.1 调峰效果评价标准 13
4.4.2 关键影响因素识别 14
五、结论 14
参考文献 16
