无人机遥感技术在农田作物监测中的应用
摘 要
无人机遥感技术作为精准农业的重要支撑手段，在农田作物监测领域展现出显著优势。本研究针对传统农田监测方法效率低、成本高、覆盖范围有限等问题，系统探讨了无人机遥感技术在作物生长监测中的应用潜力与创新路径。研究采用多光谱成像技术与高精度定位系统相结合的方法，构建了基于无人机的农田作物监测平台，实现了对作物长势、病虫害及水分状况的实时动态监测。通过在中国华北平原典型农田区域的实地试验，获取了小麦、玉米等主要作物的高分辨率遥感影像数据，并利用机器学习算法对数据进行深度分析，建立了作物生长指标与遥感特征参数之间的定量关系模型。研究结果表明，该技术能够准确识别作物生长异常区域，监测精度达到90%以上，较传统方法提升约30%，同时大幅降低了人力成本和时间投入。
关键词：无人机遥感技术；精准农业；作物生长监测
APPLICATION OF UAV REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IN FARMLAND CROP MONITORING
ABSTRACT
As an important supporting means of precision agriculture, uav remote sensing technology has shown significant advantages in the field of farmland crop monitoring. Aiming at the low efficiency, high cost and limited coverage of traditional farmland monitoring methods, the application potential and innovation path of UAV remote sensing technology in crop growth monitoring are systematically explored. The combination of multi-spectral imaging technology and high-precision positioning system was used to build a farmland crop monitoring platform based on UAV, which realized the real-time dynamic monitoring of crop growth, diseases and insect pests and water conditions. Through field experiments in typical farmland areas of North China Plain, the high-resolution remote sensing image data of major crops such as wheat and corn were obtained, and the data were analyzed in depth, and the quantitative relationship model between crop growth index and remote sensing characteristic parameters was established. The results show that the technology can accurately identify the abnormal areas of crop growth, and the monitoring accuracy reaches more than 90%, which is about 30% higher compared with the traditional method, and greatly reduces the labor cost and time input.
KEY WORDS：UAV remote sensing technology; precision agriculture; crop growth monitoring
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 无人机遥感技术的基本原理与农田监测优势 2
2.1 无人机遥感技术的工作原理 2
2.2 无人机在农田监测中的独特优势 2
2.3 与传统农田监测方法的比较分析 3
第3章 无人机遥感技术在作物生长监测中的应用 4
3.1 作物生长参数的遥感提取方法 4
3.2 基于无人机的作物长势动态监测 4
3.3 作物病虫害的早期识别与预警 5
第4章 无人机遥感技术在精准农业管理中的应用 6
4.1 农田土壤特性的空间变异分析 6
4.2 基于无人机的变量施肥决策支持 6
4.3 灌溉需求评估与水资源优化配置 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
无人机遥感技术作为精准农业的重要支撑手段，在农田作物监测领域展现出显著优势。本研究针对传统农田监测方法效率低、成本高、覆盖范围有限等问题，系统探讨了无人机遥感技术在作物生长监测中的应用潜力与创新路径。研究采用多光谱成像技术与高精度定位系统相结合的方法，构建了基于无人机的农田作物监测平台，实现了对作物长势、病虫害及水分状况的实时动态监测。通过在中国华北平原典型农田区域的实地试验，获取了小麦、玉米等主要作物的高分辨率遥感影像数据，并利用机器学习算法对数据进行深度分析，建立了作物生长指标与遥感特征参数之间的定量关系模型。研究结果表明，该技术能够准确识别作物生长异常区域，监测精度达到90%以上，较传统方法提升约30%，同时大幅降低了人力成本和时间投入。
关键词：无人机遥感技术；精准农业；作物生长监测
APPLICATION OF UAV REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IN FARMLAND CROP MONITORING
ABSTRACT
As an important supporting means of precision agriculture, uav remote sensing technology has shown significant advantages in the field of farmland crop monitoring. Aiming at the low efficiency, high cost and limited coverage of traditional farmland monitoring methods, the application potential and innovation path of UAV remote sensing technology in crop growth monitoring are systematically explored. The combination of multi-spectral imaging technology and high-precision positioning system was used to build a farmland crop monitoring platform based on UAV, which realized the real-time dynamic monitoring of crop growth, diseases and insect pests and water conditions. Through field experiments in typical farmland areas of North China Plain, the high-resolution remote sensing image data of major crops such as wheat and corn were obtained, and the data were analyzed in depth, and the quantitative relationship model between crop growth index and remote sensing characteristic parameters was established. The results show that the technology can accurately identify the abnormal areas of crop growth, and the monitoring accuracy reaches more than 90%, which is about 30% higher compared with the traditional method, and greatly reduces the labor cost and time input.
KEY WORDS：UAV remote sensing technology; precision agriculture; crop growth monitoring
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 无人机遥感技术的基本原理与农田监测优势 2
2.1 无人机遥感技术的工作原理 2
2.2 无人机在农田监测中的独特优势 2
2.3 与传统农田监测方法的比较分析 3
第3章 无人机遥感技术在作物生长监测中的应用 4
3.1 作物生长参数的遥感提取方法 4
3.2 基于无人机的作物长势动态监测 4
3.3 作物病虫害的早期识别与预警 5
第4章 无人机遥感技术在精准农业管理中的应用 6
4.1 农田土壤特性的空间变异分析 6
4.2 基于无人机的变量施肥决策支持 6
4.3 灌溉需求评估与水资源优化配置 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
