摘 要
随着工业化和农业现代化的快速发展，食品中重金属污染问题日益凸显，对人类健康构成严重威胁。因此，对食品中重金属污染的检测与控制技术的研究显得尤为重要。本文旨在探讨食品中重金属污染的检测方法、污染来源以及控制策略，以期为食品安全监管提供科学依据。食品中重金属污染的检测是确保食品安全的关键环节。目前，常用的检测方法包括原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、X射线荧光光谱法等。这些方法具有灵敏度高、准确性强、操作简便等优点，能够实现对食品中多种重金属元素的快速、准确检测。此外，随着科技的不断进步，新的检测方法也在不断涌现，如纳米材料增强技术、生物传感器技术等，为食品中重金属污染的检测提供了更多可能性。食品中重金属污染的来源广泛，包括土壤、水源、大气、饲料等。工业废水的排放、农药化肥的过度使用、矿产资源的开采和加工等都会对环境造成污染，进而影响食品中的重金属含量。此外，食品加工过程中的某些工艺和设备也可能导致重金属的污染。因此，从源头上控制重金属污染是确保食品安全的重要措施。
关键词：食品重金属污染；检测技术；控制策略
DETECTION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF HEAVY me taL POLLUTION IN FOOD
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of industrialization and agricultural modernization, heavy me tal pollution in food has become increasingly prominent, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the research on the detection and control technology of heavy me tal pollution in food is particularly important. This paper aims to discuss the detection methods, pollution sources and control strategies of heavy me tal pollution in food, in order to provide scientific basis for food safety supervision. The detection of heavy me tal contamination in food is the key link to ensure food safety. At present, the commonly used detection methods include atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and so on. These methods have the advantages of high sensitivity, high accuracy and simple operation, and can achieve rapid and accurate detection of heavy me tal elements in food. In addition, with the continuous progress of science and technology, new detection methods are also emerging, such as nanomaterial enhancement technology, biosensor technology, etc., providing more possibilities for the detection of heavy me tal pollution in food. Heavy me tal pollution in food comes from a wide range of sources, including soil, water, air, feed and so on. Industrial wastewater discharge, excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, mining and processing of mineral resources will cause pollution to the environment, and then affect the content of heavy me tals in food. In addition, some processes and equipment in food processing may also lead to pollution of heavy me tals. Therefore, controlling heavy me tal pollution from the source is an important measure to ensure food safety.
KEY WORDS：Food heavy me tal pollution; Detection technology; Control strategy
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
目 录 1
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 1
第2章 食品中重金属污染概述 2
2.1 重金属污染的来源 2
2.2 重金属的种类与特性 2
2.3 重金属污染的危害 3
第3章 重金属在食品链中的迁移与积累 5
3.1 重金属在环境中的来源 5
3.2 重金属在食物链中的传递机制 5
3.3 影响食品中重金属含量的因素 5
第4章 食品加工对重金属的影响 7
4.1 加工过程中的重金属释放 7
4.2 食品添加剂与重金属含量 7
4.3 食品包装材料的潜在风险 7
第5章 结论与展望 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
