摘 要
随着电气技术的快速发展，电气控制系统在工业自动化中发挥着核心作用。然而，电磁干扰（EMI）问题日益凸显，成为影响电气控制系统稳定性和可靠性的关键因素。电磁干扰不仅来源于系统内部的电源波动、信号传输过程中的电磁辐射，还受到外部环境中各种电磁辐射源的影响。这些干扰可能导致系统性能下降、设备误动作甚至系统崩溃，对工业生产造成重大损失。因此，深入研究电气控制系统中的电磁干扰问题，探索有效的防护措施，对于保障系统稳定运行、提高生产效率具有重要意义。本文围绕电气控制系统中的电磁干扰问题及防护措施展开研究。首先，系统阐述了电磁干扰的定义、类型及电磁兼容理论基础，为后续研究提供理论支撑。接着，详细分析了电气控制系统中电源系统、信号传输、接地系统及外部环境等方面存在的电磁干扰问题，揭示了其产生机理及对系统性能的影响。针对这些问题，本文提出了包括滤波与隔离技术、屏蔽电缆与光缆应用、接地系统优化及外部环境防护策略在内的多种防护措施，旨在提高电气控制系统的电磁兼容性，减少电磁干扰对系统的影响。通过本文的研究，不仅为电气控制系统的稳定运行提供了理论参考，也为实际工程应用中的电磁干扰防护提供了有效的解决方案。
关键词：电气控制系统 电磁干扰 电磁兼容
Abstract
With the rapid development of electrical technology, the electrical control system plays a central role in industrial automation. However, the problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is increasingly prominent and has become a key factor affecting the stability and reliability of the electrical control system. Electromagnetic interference not only comes from the power supply fluctuation inside the system, the electromagnetic radiation in the process of signal transmission, but also is affected by various electromagnetic radiation sources in the external environment. These disturbances may lead to decreased system performance, misoperation of equipment and even system collapse, causing significant losses to industrial production. Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply study the electromagnetic interference problem in the electrical control system and explore the effective protective measures to ensure the stable operation of the system and improve the production efficiency. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic interference problem and the protective measures in the electrical control system. Firstly, the definition, type and theoretical basis of electromagnetic compatibility of electromagnetic interference are systematically elaborated to provide theoretical support for the subsequent research. Then, the electromagnetic interference problems in electrical power supply system, signal transmission, grounding system and external environment are analyzed, and the production mechanism and the influence on system performance are revealed. In view of these problems, this paper puts forward a variety of protective measures, including filtering and isolation technology, shielding cable and optical cable application, grounding system optimization and external environment protection strategy, aiming to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the electrical control system and reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the system. The research in this paper not only provides a theoretical reference for the stable operation of the electrical control system, but also provides an effective solution for the electromagnetic interference protection in practical engineering applications.
Keywords: Electrical control system Electromagnetic interference (EMI) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
目 录
1引言 1
2相关理论概述 1
2.1电磁干扰的定义与类型 1
2.2电磁兼容理论基础 2
3电气控制系统中的电磁干扰问题 2
3.1电源系统的干扰问题 2
3.2信号传输中的干扰问题 2
3.3接地系统引起的干扰 3
3.4外部环境的干扰问题 3
4电气控制系统中的电磁干扰的防护措施 4
4.1电源系统的防护措施 4
4.2信号传输的防护措施 5
4.3接地系统的优化 5
4.4外部环境的防护策略 6
5结论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
