太阳能光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪技术研究
摘 要
太阳能作为一种清洁可再生的能源，在全球能源转型中具有重要地位，而光伏系统作为太阳能利用的核心技术之一，其效率优化成为研究热点。本研究聚焦于光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）技术，旨在通过改进算法提升系统在复杂环境下的跟踪效率与稳定性。研究采用基于扰动观测法和增量电导法的混合算法，并引入自适应调整机制以应对光照强度和温度变化的影响。实验结果表明，所提出的算法在动态条件下能够显著提高跟踪速度和精度，同时有效抑制了误判和振荡现象。与传统方法相比，该算法在低光照和快速变化环境下展现出更优的性能，平均效率提升约5%。本研究的主要贡献在于提出了一种兼顾稳定性和响应速度的MPPT策略，为实际工程应用提供了可行的技术方案，进一步推动了光伏系统的高效运行与普及。
关键词：光伏系统；最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）；混合算法；自适应调整；动态性能优化
Abstract
Solar energy, as a clean and renewable resource, plays a crucial role in the global energy transition, and photovoltaic (PV) systems, as one of the core technologies for solar energy utilization, have become a research focus regarding efficiency optimization. This study concentrates on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for PV systems, aiming to enhance tracking efficiency and stability under complex environmental conditions through an improved algorithm. A hybrid algorithm combining perturbation and observation with incremental conductance is employed, incorporating an adaptive adjustment mechanism to address the impacts of varying light intensity and temperature. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves tracking speed and accuracy under dynamic conditions while effectively suppressing misjudgment and oscillation phenomena. Compared with traditional methods, the algorithm exhibits superior performance in low-light and rapidly changing environments, achieving an average efficiency improvement of approximately 5%. The primary contribution of this study lies in proposing an MPPT strategy that balances stability and response speed, offering a viable technical solution for practical engineering applications and further promoting the efficient operation and widespread adoption of PV systems.
Keywords: Photovoltaic System；Maximum Power Point Tracking (Mppt)；Hybrid Algorithm；Adaptive Adjustment；Dynamic Performance Optimization
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、太阳能光伏系统基础研究 1
（一）光伏系统工作原理分析 1
（二）光伏电池特性与输出特性 2
（三）影响光伏效率的主要因素 2
二、MPPT算法性能优化研究 3
（一）MPPT技术的基本概念 3
（二）传统MPPT算法 3
（三）新型MPPT算法 4
（四）算法优化对系统效率的影响 4
三、实验验证与系统设计 4
（一）实验平台搭建与测试方法 5
（二）不同环境条件下MPPT算法的性能表现 5
（三）系统设计中的关键问题探讨 5
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
摘 要
太阳能作为一种清洁可再生的能源，在全球能源转型中具有重要地位，而光伏系统作为太阳能利用的核心技术之一，其效率优化成为研究热点。本研究聚焦于光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）技术，旨在通过改进算法提升系统在复杂环境下的跟踪效率与稳定性。研究采用基于扰动观测法和增量电导法的混合算法，并引入自适应调整机制以应对光照强度和温度变化的影响。实验结果表明，所提出的算法在动态条件下能够显著提高跟踪速度和精度，同时有效抑制了误判和振荡现象。与传统方法相比，该算法在低光照和快速变化环境下展现出更优的性能，平均效率提升约5%。本研究的主要贡献在于提出了一种兼顾稳定性和响应速度的MPPT策略，为实际工程应用提供了可行的技术方案，进一步推动了光伏系统的高效运行与普及。
关键词：光伏系统；最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）；混合算法；自适应调整；动态性能优化
Abstract
Solar energy, as a clean and renewable resource, plays a crucial role in the global energy transition, and photovoltaic (PV) systems, as one of the core technologies for solar energy utilization, have become a research focus regarding efficiency optimization. This study concentrates on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for PV systems, aiming to enhance tracking efficiency and stability under complex environmental conditions through an improved algorithm. A hybrid algorithm combining perturbation and observation with incremental conductance is employed, incorporating an adaptive adjustment mechanism to address the impacts of varying light intensity and temperature. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves tracking speed and accuracy under dynamic conditions while effectively suppressing misjudgment and oscillation phenomena. Compared with traditional methods, the algorithm exhibits superior performance in low-light and rapidly changing environments, achieving an average efficiency improvement of approximately 5%. The primary contribution of this study lies in proposing an MPPT strategy that balances stability and response speed, offering a viable technical solution for practical engineering applications and further promoting the efficient operation and widespread adoption of PV systems.
Keywords: Photovoltaic System；Maximum Power Point Tracking (Mppt)；Hybrid Algorithm；Adaptive Adjustment；Dynamic Performance Optimization
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、太阳能光伏系统基础研究 1
（一）光伏系统工作原理分析 1
（二）光伏电池特性与输出特性 2
（三）影响光伏效率的主要因素 2
二、MPPT算法性能优化研究 3
（一）MPPT技术的基本概念 3
（二）传统MPPT算法 3
（三）新型MPPT算法 4
（四）算法优化对系统效率的影响 4
三、实验验证与系统设计 4
（一）实验平台搭建与测试方法 5
（二）不同环境条件下MPPT算法的性能表现 5
（三）系统设计中的关键问题探讨 5
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
