摘 要
在全球化的浪潮中，现代汉语词汇系统迎来了大量外来词的涌入，这些词汇在丰富汉语表达的同时，也面临着文化适应性的挑战。本研究深入探讨了外来词在现代汉语中的引入、传播及其文化适应性。通过系统梳理外来词的定义、特征与分类，揭示了其在汉语中的引入背景和传播路径。从文化交流、商贸交流到科技进步，外来词的引入既反映了时代变迁，也体现了语言的动态性。同时，媒体与网络的迅猛发展，尤其是社交媒体的兴起，为外来词的传播提供了更为广阔的平台，加速了其在不同语境和文化中的扩散。然而，外来词的广泛使用并非一帆风顺，其在语音结构、词汇形态、语义搭配等方面的适应性变化，以及在社会文化层面和心理认知层面的融合过程，都充满了复杂性。本研究从多个角度剖析了外来词的文化适应性问题，提出了建立规范的吸收机制、加强教育引导、推动本土文化融合等建议，以促进外来词在现代汉语中的健康发展。通过本研究，我们不仅能够更全面地理解外来词在现代汉语中的地位与作用，还能为语言政策制定、文化教育推广提供理论支持和实践指导。
关键词：现代汉语；外来词；文化适应性；语言变迁
Cultural adaptability of loanwords in modern Chinese vocabulary system
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract：In the wave of globalization, the modern Chinese vocabulary system has welcomed a large influx of foreign words, which not only enrich Chinese ex pression, but also face the challenge of cultural adaptability. This study delves into the introduction, dissemination, and cultural adaptability of loanwords in modern Chinese. By systematically sorting out the definition, characteristics, and classification of loanwords, the introduction background and dissemination path of loanwords in Chinese have been revealed. From cultural and commercial exchanges to technological progress, the introduction of foreign words reflects both the changes of the times and the dynamism of language.However, the widespread use of loanwords is not always smooth sailing, as their adaptive changes in phonetic structure, vocabulary form, semantic collocation, and the integration process at the social, cultural, and psychological cognitive levels are all full of complexity. This study analyzes the cultural adaptability of loanwords from multiple perspectives and proposes suggestions such as establishing a standardized absorption mechanism, strengthening educational guidance, and promoting local cultural integration to promote the healthy development of loanwords in modern Chinese. Through this study, we can not only gain a more comprehensive understanding of the status and role of loanwords in modern Chinese, but also provide theoretical support and practical guidance for language policy formulation and cultural education promotion.
Key words: Modern Chinese; Foreign words; Cultural adaptability; change of language
目 录
一、引言 1
二、外来词的定义与分类 1
（一）定义与特征 1
（二）外来词的分类体系 1
（三）现代汉语中的外来词现象 2
三、外来词的引入与传播 2
（一）文化交流中的词汇引入 2
（二）媒体与网络对外来词传播的影响 3
四、外来词的文化适应性分析 3
（一）语言层面的适应性 3
（二）社会文化层面的适应性 4
（三）心理认知层面的适应性 5
五、外来词文化适应性的建议 5
（一）建立规范的外来词吸收机制 5
（二）教育引导与公众认知提升 5
（三）适度创新与本土文化融合策略 6
（四）媒体在传播中的导向作用强化 6
结论 7
参考文献 7
致谢 8
