电力系统故障定位技术的研究与应用 -电气工程及其自动化专业

摘要

电力作为现代社会运转的能源基础，其稳定与可靠对经济发展和社会稳定起着至关重要的作用。本文深入探讨了电力系统故障定位技术的各个方面，旨在提升电网运行的可靠性、安全性和效率。首先，文章概述了电力系统中的常见故障类型，包括单相接地故障、相间短路故障和断线故障，并分析了这些故障对系统稳定性、供电可靠性及设备安全性的重要影响。随后，文章详细阐述了故障定位技术的基本原理与多种实现方法。阻抗法、行波法及故障录波分析法等经典技术被逐一介绍，其中，阻抗法通过计算故障阻抗来定位故障点，而行波法则利用故障产生的行波信号进行定位，两者各有优缺点且面临不同的技术挑战。此外，故障录波分析法通过提取和分析故障波形特征来判断故障位置，为复杂故障的诊断提供了有力工具。在故障定位技术方法部分，文章探讨了基于模型、人工智能及混合方法等多种策略，强调了它们在提高故障定位准确性和效率方面的潜力。同时，文章也指出了当前技术面临的挑战，如复杂故障的处理、实时性与准确性的平衡以及多源数据融合等问题，并展望了未来发展方向，包括智能化故障定位、大数据与云计算技术的应用，以及分布式能源接入对故障定位技术的新要求。最后，本文总结了电力系统故障定位技术的研究成果，强调了其在保障电网安全稳定运行中的关键作用，为相关领域的研究和实践提供了有价值的参考。

关键词：电力系统故障定位阻抗法行波法

Abstract

Electricity, as the energy foundation for the operation of modern society, plays a crucial role in economic development and social stability due to its stability and reliability. This article delves into various aspects of fault location technology in the power system, aiming to improve the reliability, safety, and efficiency of power grid operation. Firstly, the article outlines the common types of faults in the power system, including single-phase grounding faults, phase to phase short circuit faults, and disconnection faults, and analyzes the significant impact of these faults on system stability, power supply reliability, and equipment safety. Subsequently, the article elaborated on the basic principles and various implementation methods of fault location technology. Classic techniques such as impedance method, traveling wave method, and fault recording analysis method are introduced one by one. Among them, impedance method locates the fault point by calculating the fault impedance, while traveling wave method uses the traveling wave signal generated by the fault for localization. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages and face different technical challenges. In addition, the fault waveform analysis method extracts and analyzes the waveform characteristics of faults to determine the location of faults, providing a powerful tool for the diagnosis of complex faults. In the section on fault location technology methods, the article explores various strategies based on models, artificial intelligence, and hybrid methods, emphasizing their potential in improving the accuracy and efficiency of fault location. At the same time, the article also points out the challenges facing current technology, such as handling complex faults, balancing real-time and accuracy, and multi-source data fusion. It also looks forward to future development directions, including intelligent fault location, the application of big data and cloud computing technology, and new requirements for fault location technology in distributed energy access. Finally, this article summarizes the research achievements of fault location technology in power systems, emphasizing its key role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid, and providing valuable references for research and practice in related fields.

key words:Power system; Fault location; Impedance method; Traveling wave method

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 研究目的及方法 2

第2章电力系统故障定位技术概述 3

2.1 故障类型与分类 3

2.1.1 单相接地故障 3

2.1.2 相间短路故障 3

2.1.3 断线故障 4