摘要
海洋塑料污染已成为全球关注的环境问题，其严重性不容忽视。塑料废弃物在海洋中的累积不仅危害海洋生物，还通过食物链对人类健康构成潜在威胁。本文首先概述了全球海洋塑料污染的现状，揭示了塑料垃圾在海洋中的广泛分布及其对海洋生态系统的破坏。接着，文章深入分析了海洋塑料污染的成因，主要包括塑料生产和使用量的激增、塑料废弃物管理不善以及塑料垃圾进入海洋的多种途径。这些因素共同作用，加剧了海洋塑料污染的严峻形势。针对海洋塑料污染的治理，本文提出了一系列综合措施。首先，通过源头控制减少塑料的生产和使用，推广可降解塑料和替代材料，降低塑料废弃物的产生。其次，加强塑料废弃物的管理和回收，建立完善的废弃物处理体系，防止塑料垃圾进入海洋。此外，海洋清洁行动也是重要的治理手段，包括海滩和海底垃圾清理、设立海上垃圾回收站以及推广使用环保型船舶和渔业设备。同时，科研创新与技术发展在海洋塑料污染治理中发挥着关键作用。研发新型环境友好型材料、探索高效的塑料污染监测和评估技术以及发展新型塑料污染治理技术，将有助于提高治理效率和效果。最后，公众教育与意识提升是海洋塑料污染治理不可或缺的一环。
关键词：海洋塑料污染；治理措施；源头控制；海洋清洁行动；科研创新
Abstract
Marine plastic pollution has become an environmental problem of global concern, and its seriousness cannot be ignored. The accumulation of plastic waste in the ocean not only harms Marine life, but also poses a potential threat to human health through the food chain. This paper first summarizes the current situation of global Marine plastic pollution, revealing the wide distribution of plastic waste in the ocean and its damage to Marine ecosystems. Then, the article in-depth analysis of the causes of Marine plastic pollution, including the surge in plastic production and use, poor management of plastic waste, and plastic waste into the ocean by multiple ways. These factors work together to exacerbate the serious situation of Marine plastic pollution. Aiming at the control of Marine plastic pollution, this paper puts forward a series of comprehensive measures. First, reduce the production and use of plastics through source control, promote degradable plastics and alternative materials, and reduce the generation of plastic waste. Secondly, strengthen the management and recycling of plastic waste, establish a sound waste treatment system, and prevent plastic waste from entering the ocean. In addition, clean ocean action is also an important means of governance, including beach and seabed litter removal, the establishment of Marine waste recycling stations, and the promotion of environmentally friendly ships and fishing equipment. At the same time, scientific research innovation and technological development play a key role in the control of Marine plastic pollution. The research and development of new environmentally friendly materials, the exploration of efficient plastic pollution monitoring and evaluation technologies, and the development of new plastic pollution treatment technologies will help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment. Finally, public education and awareness raising is an indispensable part of Marine plastic pollution control.
Keywords： Marine plastic pollution; Management measures; Source control; Ocean cleaning action; Scientific research innovation
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景 1
（二）研究目的及意义 1
二、海洋塑料污染的现状 2
（一）全球海洋塑料污染概况 2
（二）海洋塑料污染的严重性和紧迫性 2
（三）海洋塑料污染的长期影响与风险 2
三、海洋塑料污染的成因分析 4
（一）塑料生产和使用量的增加 4
（二）塑料废弃物管理不善 4
（三）塑料垃圾进入海洋的途径 4
（四）海洋塑料污染的全球性和跨国性 4
四、海洋塑料污染的治理措施 6
（一）源头控制 6
（二）海洋清洁行动 7
（三）科研创新与技术发展 8
（四）公众教育与意识提升 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
