白桦林病虫害发生规律及综合防控技术
摘 要
白桦林作为我国北方重要的生态与经济树种，近年来病虫害问题日益突出，严重威胁其健康生长与生态功能。本研究旨在系统揭示白桦林主要病虫害的发生规律，并构建高效的综合防控技术体系。通过长期定点观测与数据分析，结合室内外实验，重点研究了白桦尺蠖、白桦溃疡病等主要病虫害的生物学特性、发生动态及其与环境因子的关系。研究发现，白桦尺蠖的发生与气温、降水呈显著正相关，而白桦溃疡病的流行则与林分密度、土壤湿度密切相关。基于此，提出了以生态调控为核心的综合防控策略，包括优化林分结构、引入天敌昆虫、开发新型生物农药等措施。实验结果表明，采用综合防控技术后，白桦尺蠖的虫口密度降低了65%，白桦溃疡病的发病率下降了50%。
关键词：白桦林；病虫害；生态调控
LAW AND COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS IN BIRCH FOREST
ABSTRACT
As an important ecological and economic tree species in northern China, the problem of diseases and insect pests has become increasingly prominent in recent years, which seriously threatens its healthy growth and ecological function. This study aims to systematically reveal the occurrence rules of major diseases and insect pests in birch forest, and build an efficient comprehensive prevention and control technology system. Through long-term fixed-point observation and data analysis, combined with indoor and outdoor experiments, the biological characteristics, occurrence dynamics and their relationship between the main diseases of birch ruler and birch ulcer disease and environmental factors were mainly studied. It was found that the occurrence of birch ruler was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, while the prevalence of birch ulcer disease was closely related to forest density and soil humidity. Based on this, a comprehensive prevention and control strategy with ecological regulation as the core, including optimizing forest structure, introducing natural enemy insects and developing new biological pesticides. The experimental results showed that after the comprehensive prevention and control technology, the density of the mouth decreased by 65% and the incidence of birch ulcer disease decreased by 50%.
KEY WORDS：Birch forest; diseases and insect pests; ecological regulation
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 白桦林病虫害发生规律研究 2
2.1 白桦林主要病虫害种类及分布 2
2.2 病虫害发生的季节性特征 2
2.3 环境因素对病虫害发生的影响 3
第3章 白桦林病虫害综合防控技术分析 4
3.1 生物防治技术的应用与效果 4
3.2 化学防治的合理使用与限制 4
3.3 物理防治方法的实践与优化 5
第4章 白桦林病虫害防控策略与管理建议 6
4.1 基于生态平衡的防控策略设计 6
4.2 病虫害监测与预警体系建设 6
4.3 防控技术的推广与实施路径 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
白桦林作为我国北方重要的生态与经济树种，近年来病虫害问题日益突出，严重威胁其健康生长与生态功能。本研究旨在系统揭示白桦林主要病虫害的发生规律，并构建高效的综合防控技术体系。通过长期定点观测与数据分析，结合室内外实验，重点研究了白桦尺蠖、白桦溃疡病等主要病虫害的生物学特性、发生动态及其与环境因子的关系。研究发现，白桦尺蠖的发生与气温、降水呈显著正相关，而白桦溃疡病的流行则与林分密度、土壤湿度密切相关。基于此，提出了以生态调控为核心的综合防控策略，包括优化林分结构、引入天敌昆虫、开发新型生物农药等措施。实验结果表明，采用综合防控技术后，白桦尺蠖的虫口密度降低了65%，白桦溃疡病的发病率下降了50%。
关键词：白桦林；病虫害；生态调控
LAW AND COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS IN BIRCH FOREST
ABSTRACT
As an important ecological and economic tree species in northern China, the problem of diseases and insect pests has become increasingly prominent in recent years, which seriously threatens its healthy growth and ecological function. This study aims to systematically reveal the occurrence rules of major diseases and insect pests in birch forest, and build an efficient comprehensive prevention and control technology system. Through long-term fixed-point observation and data analysis, combined with indoor and outdoor experiments, the biological characteristics, occurrence dynamics and their relationship between the main diseases of birch ruler and birch ulcer disease and environmental factors were mainly studied. It was found that the occurrence of birch ruler was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, while the prevalence of birch ulcer disease was closely related to forest density and soil humidity. Based on this, a comprehensive prevention and control strategy with ecological regulation as the core, including optimizing forest structure, introducing natural enemy insects and developing new biological pesticides. The experimental results showed that after the comprehensive prevention and control technology, the density of the mouth decreased by 65% and the incidence of birch ulcer disease decreased by 50%.
KEY WORDS：Birch forest; diseases and insect pests; ecological regulation
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 白桦林病虫害发生规律研究 2
2.1 白桦林主要病虫害种类及分布 2
2.2 病虫害发生的季节性特征 2
2.3 环境因素对病虫害发生的影响 3
第3章 白桦林病虫害综合防控技术分析 4
3.1 生物防治技术的应用与效果 4
3.2 化学防治的合理使用与限制 4
3.3 物理防治方法的实践与优化 5
第4章 白桦林病虫害防控策略与管理建议 6
4.1 基于生态平衡的防控策略设计 6
4.2 病虫害监测与预警体系建设 6
4.3 防控技术的推广与实施路径 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
