智能农机作业精度提升技术瓶颈与对策研究
摘 要
随着全球农业现代化进程的加速，智能农机在农业生产中的应用日益广泛。然而，作业精度问题成为制约智能农机进一步发展的关键技术瓶颈。本研究旨在探讨智能农机作业精度提升中的技术挑战，并提出相应的解决方案。通过文献综述与实地调研相结合的方法，本文系统分析了当前智能农机在导航、感知、控制等核心技术领域的不足，特别是高精度定位、环境感知与动态决策等方面的技术瓶颈。研究发现，现有技术在复杂农田环境下的适应性较差，且缺乏有效的多源数据融合与实时处理能力。为此，本文提出了一种基于多传感器融合的智能农机作业精度提升方案，通过引入高精度GNSS、激光雷达与视觉传感器的协同工作，显著提高了农机的定位精度和环境感知能力。此外，研究还结合中国典型农业区域的实际案例，验证了该方案的可行性与有效性。
关键词：智能农机；作业精度；多传感器融合
RESEARCH ON THE TECHNICAL BOTTLENECK AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE PRECISION IMPROVEMENT OF INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY OPERATION
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of the global agricultural modernization process, the application of intelligent agricultural machinery in agricultural production is increasingly extensive. However, the problem of operation accuracy has become the key technical bottleneck restricting the further development of intelligent agricultural machinery. The purpose of this study is to explore the technical challenges in improving the accuracy of intelligent agricultural machinery operation, and to propose corresponding solutions. Through the combination of literature review and field research, this paper systematically analyzes the shortcomings of the current intelligent agricultural machinery in the core technology fields such as navigation, perception and control, especially the technical bottlenecks in high-precision positioning, environment perception and dynamic decision-making. It is found that the existing technologies are less adaptable in complex farmland environments, and lack effective multi-source data fusion and real-time processing capacity. In this paper, an intelligent agricultural machinery operation accuracy improvement scheme based on multi-sensor fusion is proposed. By introducing the cooperative work of high-precision GNSS, lidar and visual sensor, the positioning accuracy and environmental perception ability of agricultural machinery are significantly improved. In addition, the study also verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the program by combining the actual cases of typical agricultural areas in China.
KEY WORDS：Intelligent agricultural machinery; operation accuracy; multi-sensor fusion
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状 1
第2章 智能农机作业精度的技术瓶颈分析 3
2.1 传感器技术在农机作业中的局限性 3
2.2 导航与定位系统的精度问题 3
2.3 数据处理与决策算法的不足 4
第3章 提升智能农机作业精度的技术对策 5
3.1 高精度传感器的研发与应用 5
3.2 多源融合导航技术的优化策略 5
3.3 智能化决策算法的改进路径 6
第4章 智能农机作业精度提升的实践案例与效果评估 7
4.1 中国典型地区智能农机应用案例分析 7
4.2 智能农机作业精度提升的经济效益评估 7
4.3 未来发展趋势与政策建议 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
摘 要
随着全球农业现代化进程的加速，智能农机在农业生产中的应用日益广泛。然而，作业精度问题成为制约智能农机进一步发展的关键技术瓶颈。本研究旨在探讨智能农机作业精度提升中的技术挑战，并提出相应的解决方案。通过文献综述与实地调研相结合的方法，本文系统分析了当前智能农机在导航、感知、控制等核心技术领域的不足，特别是高精度定位、环境感知与动态决策等方面的技术瓶颈。研究发现，现有技术在复杂农田环境下的适应性较差，且缺乏有效的多源数据融合与实时处理能力。为此，本文提出了一种基于多传感器融合的智能农机作业精度提升方案，通过引入高精度GNSS、激光雷达与视觉传感器的协同工作，显著提高了农机的定位精度和环境感知能力。此外，研究还结合中国典型农业区域的实际案例，验证了该方案的可行性与有效性。
关键词：智能农机；作业精度；多传感器融合
RESEARCH ON THE TECHNICAL BOTTLENECK AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE PRECISION IMPROVEMENT OF INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY OPERATION
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of the global agricultural modernization process, the application of intelligent agricultural machinery in agricultural production is increasingly extensive. However, the problem of operation accuracy has become the key technical bottleneck restricting the further development of intelligent agricultural machinery. The purpose of this study is to explore the technical challenges in improving the accuracy of intelligent agricultural machinery operation, and to propose corresponding solutions. Through the combination of literature review and field research, this paper systematically analyzes the shortcomings of the current intelligent agricultural machinery in the core technology fields such as navigation, perception and control, especially the technical bottlenecks in high-precision positioning, environment perception and dynamic decision-making. It is found that the existing technologies are less adaptable in complex farmland environments, and lack effective multi-source data fusion and real-time processing capacity. In this paper, an intelligent agricultural machinery operation accuracy improvement scheme based on multi-sensor fusion is proposed. By introducing the cooperative work of high-precision GNSS, lidar and visual sensor, the positioning accuracy and environmental perception ability of agricultural machinery are significantly improved. In addition, the study also verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the program by combining the actual cases of typical agricultural areas in China.
KEY WORDS：Intelligent agricultural machinery; operation accuracy; multi-sensor fusion
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状 1
第2章 智能农机作业精度的技术瓶颈分析 3
2.1 传感器技术在农机作业中的局限性 3
2.2 导航与定位系统的精度问题 3
2.3 数据处理与决策算法的不足 4
第3章 提升智能农机作业精度的技术对策 5
3.1 高精度传感器的研发与应用 5
3.2 多源融合导航技术的优化策略 5
3.3 智能化决策算法的改进路径 6
第4章 智能农机作业精度提升的实践案例与效果评估 7
4.1 中国典型地区智能农机应用案例分析 7
4.2 智能农机作业精度提升的经济效益评估 7
4.3 未来发展趋势与政策建议 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
