胡杨耐盐碱机理及盐碱地造林技术研究
摘 要
胡杨作为干旱区盐碱地生态修复的关键树种，其耐盐碱机理及造林技术研究对改善生态环境具有重要意义。本研究通过生理生化分析、分子生物学手段及田间试验，系统探讨了胡杨在盐胁迫下的适应机制及其在盐碱地造林中的应用潜力。研究发现，胡杨通过调节离子平衡、积累渗透调节物质及激活抗氧化酶系统等途径有效缓解盐胁迫伤害，其中Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因的过表达显著增强了植株的耐盐性。基于此，研发了以根系诱导剂为核心的盐碱地造林技术体系，通过改良土壤结构、优化水分管理及合理配置伴生植物等措施，显著提高了胡杨在重度盐碱地的成活率和生长量。在中国西北地区开展的示范工程表明，该技术使胡杨造林成活率提升至85%以上，较传统方法提高30%，且三年生林分平均高度达2.5米，展现出良好的生态效益和经济效益。
关键词：胡杨；盐碱地生态修复；耐盐碱机理
STUDY ON SALT-ALKALI TOLERANCE MECHANISM AND SALINE-ALKALI LAND AFFORESTATION TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
As a key tree species in the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land in arid areas, the salinity tolerance mechanism and afforestation technology of Populus euphratica is of great significance to improving the ecological environment. This study systematically explored the adaptation mechanism of Populus euphratica under salt stress and its application potential in saline-alkali land afforestation through physiological and biochemical analysis, molecular biological methods and field experiments. It was found that Populus euphratica effectively alleviated salt stress damage by regulating ion balance, accumulating osmoregulatory substances and activating antioxidant enzyme system, in which the overex pression of Na + / H + antiporter gene significantly enhanced the salt tolerance of plants. Based on this, the technology system of saline-alkali afforestation with root inducer as the core was developed, and the survival rate and growth of Populus in the severe saline land were significantly improved by improving soil structure, optimizing water management and rationally allocating associated plants. The demonstration project in northwest China shows that the technology increased the survival rate of poplar afforestation to more than 85%, 30% higher than the traditional method, and the average height of the three years reached 2.5 meters, showing good ecological and economic benefits.
KEY WORDS：Populus euphratica; ecological restoration of saline-alkali land; saline-alkali tolerance mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 胡杨耐盐碱的生理机制 2
2.1 胡杨根系对盐碱的适应性 2
2.2 胡杨叶片盐分调控机制 2
2.3 胡杨体内离子平衡机制 3
第3章 胡杨在盐碱地中的生长特性 4
3.1 盐碱胁迫下胡杨的生长表现 4
3.2 胡杨在不同盐碱度下的存活率 4
3.3 胡杨对盐碱地的改良作用 5
第4章 盐碱地造林技术优化 6
4.1 胡杨种植前的土壤处理技术 6
4.2 胡杨幼苗的培育与移栽技术 6
4.3 盐碱地造林后的管理措施 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
胡杨作为干旱区盐碱地生态修复的关键树种，其耐盐碱机理及造林技术研究对改善生态环境具有重要意义。本研究通过生理生化分析、分子生物学手段及田间试验，系统探讨了胡杨在盐胁迫下的适应机制及其在盐碱地造林中的应用潜力。研究发现，胡杨通过调节离子平衡、积累渗透调节物质及激活抗氧化酶系统等途径有效缓解盐胁迫伤害，其中Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因的过表达显著增强了植株的耐盐性。基于此，研发了以根系诱导剂为核心的盐碱地造林技术体系，通过改良土壤结构、优化水分管理及合理配置伴生植物等措施，显著提高了胡杨在重度盐碱地的成活率和生长量。在中国西北地区开展的示范工程表明，该技术使胡杨造林成活率提升至85%以上，较传统方法提高30%，且三年生林分平均高度达2.5米，展现出良好的生态效益和经济效益。
关键词：胡杨；盐碱地生态修复；耐盐碱机理
STUDY ON SALT-ALKALI TOLERANCE MECHANISM AND SALINE-ALKALI LAND AFFORESTATION TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
As a key tree species in the ecological restoration of saline-alkali land in arid areas, the salinity tolerance mechanism and afforestation technology of Populus euphratica is of great significance to improving the ecological environment. This study systematically explored the adaptation mechanism of Populus euphratica under salt stress and its application potential in saline-alkali land afforestation through physiological and biochemical analysis, molecular biological methods and field experiments. It was found that Populus euphratica effectively alleviated salt stress damage by regulating ion balance, accumulating osmoregulatory substances and activating antioxidant enzyme system, in which the overex pression of Na + / H + antiporter gene significantly enhanced the salt tolerance of plants. Based on this, the technology system of saline-alkali afforestation with root inducer as the core was developed, and the survival rate and growth of Populus in the severe saline land were significantly improved by improving soil structure, optimizing water management and rationally allocating associated plants. The demonstration project in northwest China shows that the technology increased the survival rate of poplar afforestation to more than 85%, 30% higher than the traditional method, and the average height of the three years reached 2.5 meters, showing good ecological and economic benefits.
KEY WORDS：Populus euphratica; ecological restoration of saline-alkali land; saline-alkali tolerance mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 胡杨耐盐碱的生理机制 2
2.1 胡杨根系对盐碱的适应性 2
2.2 胡杨叶片盐分调控机制 2
2.3 胡杨体内离子平衡机制 3
第3章 胡杨在盐碱地中的生长特性 4
3.1 盐碱胁迫下胡杨的生长表现 4
3.2 胡杨在不同盐碱度下的存活率 4
3.3 胡杨对盐碱地的改良作用 5
第4章 盐碱地造林技术优化 6
4.1 胡杨种植前的土壤处理技术 6
4.2 胡杨幼苗的培育与移栽技术 6
4.3 盐碱地造林后的管理措施 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
