摘 要
本文综述了重金属污染的定义、特点及类型，并深入探讨了土壤重金属污染问题的重要性、成因分析及修复对策。土壤重金属污染不仅对人类健康构成严重威胁，如通过食物链累积导致人体中毒，还严重破坏了生态环境，影响土壤质量与生物多样性。其治理技术复杂，需综合考虑多种因素。污染成因方面，工业活动如采矿、冶炼等排放的废水废气，农业活动中过量使用化肥农药导致的土壤残留，以及垃圾填埋和堆放中的重金属渗滤，均是主要污染源。针对这些问题，本文提出了相应的修复对策：改进生产工艺，减少工业排放；合理施用化肥与农药，降低农业污染；同时，推广垃圾分类制度，减少垃圾填埋带来的重金属污染。这些对策的实施，对于有效控制土壤重金属污染，保障人类健康与生态环境安全具有重要意义，是未来土壤重金属污染治理的重要方向。
关键词：土壤重金属污染；修复技术；联合修复
Abstract
This paper summarizes the definition, characteristics and types of heavy me tal pollution, and deeply discusses the importance, causes and remediation countermeasures of soil heavy me tal pollution. Soil heavy me tal pollution not only poses a serious threat to human health, such as human poisoning through the accumulation of food chain, but also seriously damages the ecological environment and affects soil quality and biodiversity. Its governance technology is complex and needs to consider a variety of factors. In terms of the causes of pollution, the waste water and waste gas discharged by industrial activities such as mining and smelting, the soil residues caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural activities, and the heavy me tal seepage in landfill and stacking are all the main sources of pollution. To solve these problems, this paper proposes corresponding remediation countermeasures: improve production process and reduce industrial emissions; apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides reasonably to reduce agricultural pollution; and promote garbage classification system to reduce heavy me tal pollution caused by landfill. The implementation of these countermeasures is of great significance for the effective control of soil heavy me tal pollution, the protection of human health and ecological environment safety, and is an important direction of soil heavy me tal pollution control in the future.
Key words: Heavy me tal pollution in soil; remediation technology; combined remediation
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目 录 III
引 言 1
第1章、重金属污染相关概述 2
1.1、重金属污染的定义 2
1.2、重金属污染的特点 2
1.3、重金属污染的类型 3
第2章、土壤重金属污染问题的重要性 4
2.1、对人类健康的严重威胁 4
2.2、对生态环境的破坏 4
2.3、治理技术复杂 4
第3章、土壤重金属污染问题的成因分析 6
3.1、工业活动污染 6
3.2、农业活动污染 6
3.3、垃圾填埋和堆放 7
第4章、土壤重金属污染问题的修复对策探讨 8
4.1、改进生产工艺 8
4.2、合理施用化肥与农药 8
4.3、推广垃圾分类制度 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
