摘 要
在社交媒体深度嵌入公共生活的背景下，舆论极化现象日益显著，对协商民主的实践构成严峻挑战。本文旨在探讨社交媒体如何影响公众意见的形成与互动机制，并分析其对协商民主发展的结构性制约。通过整合传播学、政治哲学与社会心理学的研究视角，结合大数据文本分析与案例研究方法，本文揭示了信息茧房、情感动员与群体极化之间的内在关联。研究发现，算法推荐机制强化了用户的信息选择偏好，导致公共讨论趋于碎片化与对立化，削弱了理性对话的可能性。本文的创新之处在于提出“情感—认知—制度”三维分析框架，系统解析舆论极化对协商民主各环节的影响路径。研究表明，在当前媒介生态下推进协商民主，需重构平台治理逻辑、培育公民对话素养，并建立制度性沟通机制。本研究为理解数字时代民主政治的演进提供了新的理论视角与实践启示。
关键词：舆论极化；协商民主；社交媒体；信息茧房；算法推荐
Abstract
Against the backdrop of deep integration of social media into public life, the phenomenon of public opinion polarization has become increasingly pronounced, posing significant challenges to the practice of deliberative democracy. This paper aims to explore how social media influences the formation and interaction mechanisms of public opinion and analyzes its structural constraints on the development of deliberative democracy. By integrating research perspectives from communication studies, political philosophy, and social psychology, and employing a combination of big data text analysis and case study methods, this study reveals the intrinsic linkages among information cocoons, emotional mobilization, and group polarization. Findings indicate that algorithmic recommendation systems reinforce users’ preferences for information selection, leading to fragmentation and opposition within public discourse and undermining the possibility of rational dialogue. The innovation of this paper lies in proposing a three-dimensional analytical fr amework—“emotion-cognition-institution”—to systematically dissect the pathways through which public opinion polarization affects various stages of deliberative democracy. Research suggests that advancing deliberative democracy within the current media ecology requires reconstructing platform governance logic, cultivating citizens’ dialogic literacy, and establishing institutionalized communication mechanisms. This study offers new theoretical insights and practical implications for understanding the evolution of democratic politics in the digital age.
Keywords: Public Opinion Polarization；Deliberative Democracy；Social Media；Information Cocoons；Algorithmic Recommendations
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、社交媒体与舆论极化机制分析 1
（一）社交媒体的信息传播特性 1
（二）算法推荐与信息茧房的形成 1
（三）舆论极化的结构性诱因 2
二、舆论极化对公共讨论空间的影响 2
（一）公共领域中理性对话的弱化 2
（二）情绪化表达对共识构建的阻碍 2
（三）极化语境下的意见领袖作用变迁 3
三、协商民主理论在社交媒体环境中的适用性挑战 3
（一）协商民主的理想前提与现实落差 3
（二）多元意见整合机制的失效风险 4
（三）数字平台中公民参与的结构性不平等 4
四、缓解舆论极化与重构协商机制的路径探索 4
（一）平台责任与算法透明度建设 4
（二）数字素养教育与理性表达引导 5
（三）制度设计中的协商机制创新 5
结 论 5
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
