摘 要
鲁迅小说中的知识分子形象是中国现代文学研究的重要课题，本文基于文化批评与文本细读的视角，探讨了鲁迅笔下知识分子形象的塑造及其背后的文化内涵。研究旨在揭示20世纪初中国社会转型期知识分子的精神困境与文化选择，通过分析《呐喊》《彷徨》等作品中典型人物，如孔乙己、涓生、子君等，考察其在社会变革中的角色定位与价值取向。研究采用文本分析与历史语境相结合的方法，深入剖析鲁迅对知识分子群体的批判性思考。结果表明，鲁迅通过刻画这些复杂多面的知识分子形象，不仅反映了当时社会对知识阶层的压迫与误解，更揭示了知识分子自身存在的矛盾与局限。本文创新点在于将知识分子形象置于文化心理与社会结构的双重框架下进行解读，从而深化了对其精神特质的理解。研究为理解中国现代知识分子的历史命运提供了新的视角，并为当代文化批评提供了理论借鉴。
关键词：鲁迅小说；知识分子形象；文化批评；精神困境；社会转型Intellectual Figures in Lu Xun's Novels and Their Cultural Implications
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract：The portrayal of intellectuals in Lu Xun's novels is a significant subject in the study of modern Chinese literature. This paper explores the construction of intellectual figures in Lu Xun's works and their underlying cultural implications from the perspectives of cultural criticism and close reading. The aim is to reveal the spiritual dilemmas and cultural choices of intellectuals during the social transition of early 20th-century China. By analyzing typical characters such as Kong Yiji, Juan Sheng, and Zi Jun in works like Call to Arms (Nahan) and Wandering (Manghuang), this study examines their roles and value orientations within the context of social transformation. Employing a method that combines textual analysis with historical context, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of Lu Xun's critical reflections on the intellectual community. The findings indicate that through these multifaceted intellectual figures, Lu Xun not only reflects the oppression and misunderstanding faced by the educated class in society but also exposes the inherent contradictions and limitations within intellectuals themselves. A key innovation of this study lies in interpreting the image of intellectuals within a dual fr amework of cultural psychology and social structure, thereby deepening the understanding of their spiritual characteristics. This research offers new insights into the historical fate of modern Chinese intellectuals and provides theoretical references for contemporary cultural criticism.
Keywords: Lu Xun Novel；Intellectual Image；Cultural Criticism；Spiritual Dilemma；Social Transformation
目 录
引言 1
一、知识分子形象的塑造背景 1
(一)鲁迅笔下的社会语境 1
(二)知识分子的历史定位 2
(三)文化批判的时代意义 2
二、知识分子形象的主要类型 3
(一)迷茫与彷徨的知识者 3
(二)叛逆与觉醒的先行者 3
(三)悲剧性命运的承载者 4
三、知识分子形象的文化内涵 4
(一)传统与现代的冲突 4
(二)思想启蒙的责任担当 5
(三)文化反思的深度剖析 5
四、知识分子形象的艺术表现 6
(一)叙事手法的独特运用 6
(二)心理刻画的细腻呈现 6
(三)象征意义的多重解读 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
