摘 要
基坑工程作为城市地下空间开发的重要组成部分，其施工过程中的变形控制与安全预警已成为土木工程领域的研究热点。针对传统基坑监测技术存在的数据采集效率低、实时性差及预警精度不足等问题，本研究以典型深基坑工程为背景，系统探讨了基坑支护结构的变形监测与预警技术。研究通过集成现代传感技术、数据处理算法和智能预警模型，提出了一种基于多源数据融合的实时监测与预警方法。具体而言，研究首先设计了适用于复杂工况的高精度监测方案，结合全站仪、自动化水准仪及光纤传感器等设备实现了对基坑水平位移、沉降及应力变化的全方位监测；其次，引入机器学习算法对监测数据进行特征提取与异常识别，显著提升了数据处理的准确性和效率；最后，构建了基于风险评估的动态预警模型，能够根据监测结果实时调整预警等级并提供决策支持。研究成果表明，所提出的监测与预警方法不仅有效提高了基坑施工的安全性和经济性，还为类似工程提供了可借鉴的技术路径。本研究的主要创新点在于将多源数据融合与智能算法相结合，突破了传统监测技术的局限性，为基坑工程的安全管理提供了新的思路和技术支撑。
关键词：基坑监测；多源数据融合；智能预警
ABSTRACT
Trench engineering, as a critical component of urban underground space development, has drawn significant attention in the field of civil engineering regarding deformation control and safety early warning during construction. In response to the limitations of traditional trench monitoring technologies, such as low data acquisition efficiency, poor real-time performance, and insufficient warning accuracy, this study investigates deformation monitoring and early warning techniques for trench support structures based on a typical deep excavation project. By integrating modern sensing technologies, data processing algorithms, and intelligent warning models, a real-time monitoring and early warning method based on multi-source data fusion is proposed. Specifically, a high-precision monitoring scheme adaptable to complex working conditions was designed, utilizing instruments such as total stations, automated levels, and fiber optic sensors to achieve comprehensive monitoring of horizontal displacement, settlement, and stress changes in the trench. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms were introduced for feature extraction and anomaly detection of monitoring data, significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of data processing. Finally, a dynamic early warning model based on risk assessment was developed, capable of adjusting warning levels in real time according to monitoring results and providing decision support. The findings indicate that the proposed monitoring and early warning method not only effectively improves the safety and economy of trench construction but also offers a referenceable technical approach for similar projects. The primary innovation of this study lies in combining multi-source data fusion with intelligent algorithms, overcoming the limitations of traditional monitoring technologies, and providing new insights and technical support for safety management in trench engineering.
Keywords: Pit Monitoring; Multi-Source Data Fusion; Intelligent Early Warning
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 基坑支护结构变形监测的研究背景 1
1.2 变形监测与预警技术的意义分析 1
1.3 国内外研究现状综述 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 基坑支护结构变形监测技术原理 3
2.1 变形监测的基本概念与分类 3
2.2 监测技术的理论基础 3
2.3 常用监测设备与数据采集方法 4
2.4 数据处理与误差分析方法 4
2.5 监测技术在实际工程中的应用 5
第3章 基坑支护结构变形特征分析 6
3.1 支护结构变形的主要影响因素 6
3.2 不同工况下的变形规律研究 6
3.3 地质条件对变形特征的影响 7
3.4 数值模拟在变形分析中的应用 7
3.5 实测数据与理论模型的对比分析 8
第4章 基坑支护结构预警技术研究 9
4.1 预警技术的基本框架与原则 9
4.2 预警指标体系的构建方法 9
4.3 数据驱动的预警模型开发 10
4.4 预警系统的实现与优化策略 10
4.5 工程案例中预警技术的应用效果 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
