摘 要
地表沉降作为一种复杂的地质现象，对城市基础设施、生态环境及人类活动产生了深远影响。随着全球城市化进程的加速和地下资源开发规模的扩大，地表沉降问题日益突出，亟需系统评估其对周边环境的影响并提出有效的防治措施。本研究以地表沉降为切入点，通过整合遥感监测技术、数值模拟方法与实地调查数据，全面分析了地表沉降的发生机制及其对土壤结构、水文条件和建筑物稳定性的影响。研究选取典型区域作为案例，利用InSAR技术实现了高精度的地表形变监测，并结合有限元模型对沉降过程进行了动态模拟。结果表明，地表沉降不仅导致土壤渗透性降低和地下水循环受阻，还显著增加了建筑物开裂和基础设施损坏的风险。此外，研究创新性地提出了基于生态修复理念的综合防治策略，包括优化地下水开采模式、实施地基加固工程以及引入植被缓冲带等措施。这些方法在减少沉降幅度的同时，有效提升了区域生态环境的可持续性。本研究的主要贡献在于建立了地表沉降环境影响评估的量化指标体系，并验证了多学科交叉方法在解决复杂地质问题中的可行性，为相关领域的理论发展和实践应用提供了重要参考。
关键词：地表沉降；InSAR技术；数值模拟
ABSTRACT
Surface subsidence, as a complex geological phenomenon, has profound implications for urban infrastructure, ecological environments, and human activities. With the acceleration of global urbanization and the expansion of underground resource exploitation, the issue of surface subsidence has become increasingly prominent, necessitating systematic evaluations of its environmental impacts and the development of effective mitigation strategies. This study investigates surface subsidence by integrating remote sensing monitoring technologies, numerical simulation methods, and field survey data to comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of subsidence occurrence and its effects on soil structure, hydrological conditions, and building stability. A typical region was selected as a case study, where InSAR technology was employed for high-precision surface deformation monitoring, and finite element models were used for dynamic simulation of the subsidence process. The results indicate that surface subsidence not only reduces soil permeability and disrupts groundwater circulation but also significantly increases the risk of building cracks and infrastructure damage. Furthermore, this study innovatively proposes an integrated prevention and control strategy based on ecological restoration concepts, including optimizing groundwater extraction patterns, implementing foundation reinforcement projects, and introducing vegetation buffer zones. These measures effectively reduce the magnitude of subsidence while enhancing regional ecological sustainability. The primary contribution of this research lies in establishing a quantifiable indicator system for assessing the environmental impacts of surface subsidence and validating the feasibility of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing complex geological problems, providing critical references for theoretical advancements and practical applications in related fields.
Keywords: Ground Subsidence; InSAR Technology; Numerical Simulation
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 地表沉降研究的背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1
1.3 本文研究方法概述 2
第2章 地表沉降对环境影响的评估方法 3
2.1 地表沉降监测技术选择 3
2.2 环境影响评估指标体系构建 3
2.3 数据采集与分析方法研究 4
2.4 典型案例分析与验证 4
第3章 地表沉降对周边生态的影响研究 6
3.1 沉降对地表水体的影响机制 6
3.2 土壤结构变化及其生态效应 6
3.3 生物多样性受威胁程度分析 7
3.4 生态修复可行性探讨 7
第4章 地表沉降防治措施的技术路径 9
4.1 防治技术分类与适用性分析 9
4.2 工程干预措施的设计原则 9
4.3 新型材料在防治中的应用 10
4.4 长期监测与效果评价体系 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
