摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快，地铁建设规模不断扩大，地表沉降问题成为影响地铁施工安全与周边环境稳定的重要因素。本研究以地铁施工过程中地表沉降监测技术为切入点，旨在探讨高效、精准的监测方法及其在实际工程中的应用价值。研究结合传统监测手段与现代遥感技术，提出了一种基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）与全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）融合的地表沉降监测方案。通过对比分析不同监测技术的精度、时效性和经济性，验证了该融合方案在复杂地质条件下的适用性与可靠性。研究选取某典型地铁施工项目为案例，对施工期间的地表沉降数据进行长期动态监测，并结合数值模拟技术对沉降规律进行深入分析。结果表明，所提出的监测方案能够有效捕捉微小沉降变化，显著提高了监测精度和覆盖范围，同时为施工参数优化提供了科学依据。此外，研究还针对监测数据的时空特性，开发了一套智能化预警系统，实现了对潜在风险的实时评估与快速响应。本研究的主要创新点在于将多源监测技术与智能分析方法相结合，突破了传统单一监测手段的局限性，为地铁施工中的地表沉降控制提供了新的技术路径和理论支持，具有重要的工程实践意义和推广应用价值。
关键词：地表沉降监测；合成孔径雷达干涉测量；全球导航卫星系统
ABSTRACT
With the accelerating urbanization process, the scale of metro construction continues to expand, and surface subsidence has become a critical factor affecting the safety of metro construction and the stability of the surrounding environment. This study focuses on surface subsidence monitoring technology during metro construction, aiming to explore efficient and accurate monitoring methods and their application value in practical engineering. By integrating traditional monitoring approaches with modern remote sensing technology, a surface subsidence monitoring scheme based on the fusion of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is proposed. Through comparative analysis of the accuracy, timeliness, and cost-effectiveness of different monitoring technologies, the applicability and reliability of this integrated scheme under complex geological conditions are verified. A typical metro construction project is selected as a case study for long-term dynamic monitoring of surface subsidence data during construction, combined with numerical simulation techniques for an in-depth analysis of subsidence patterns. The results indicate that the proposed monitoring scheme can effectively capture minor subsidence changes, significantly improving monitoring accuracy and coverage while providing scientific evidence for optimizing construction parameters. Furthermore, targeting the spatiotemporal characteristics of monitoring data, an intelligent early warning system is developed to achieve real-time risk assessment and rapid response. The primary innovation of this study lies in combining multi-source monitoring technologies with intelligent analytical methods, overcoming the limitations of traditional single-monitoring approaches, and offering new technical pathways and theoretical support for surface subsidence control in metro construction, with significant implications for engineering practice and broad application potential.
Keywords: Ground Surface Subsidence Monitoring; Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ; Global Navigation Satellite System
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 地表沉降监测技术的研究背景 2
1.2 地铁施工中地表沉降监测的意义 2
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 地表沉降监测技术原理与方法 4
2.1 地表沉降监测的基本概念 4
2.2 常用地表沉降监测技术分类 4
2.3 监测技术的精度与适用性分析 5
2.4 数据采集与处理的关键步骤 5
2.5 技术选择的影响因素评估 6
第3章 地铁施工中的地表沉降监测应用 7
3.1 地铁施工对地表沉降的影响机制 7
3.2 不同工况下的监测技术应用策略 7
3.3 典型地铁施工场景的案例分析 8
3.4 监测数据在施工决策中的作用 8
3.5 施工过程中监测方案的优化建议 9
第4章 地表沉降监测技术的效果评价与改进研究 10
4.1 监测效果的定量评价指标体系 10
4.2 监测数据的可靠性与误差分析 10
4.3 新技术在地表沉降监测中的潜力 11
4.4 提高监测效率的技术路径探讨 11
4.5 地表沉降监测未来发展方向 12
结论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
