摘 要
财务舞弊作为企业治理中的重大问题，不仅损害投资者利益，还可能引发市场信任危机。本研究以内部控制质量为切入点，探讨其对财务舞弊的抑制作用，旨在揭示内部控制机制在企业风险管理中的核心价值。基于2010年至2022年间中国A股上市公司的面板数据，采用Logit回归模型结合倾向得分匹配法（PSM），分析内部控制质量与财务舞弊之间的关系，并进一步考察公司治理环境和行业特征的调节效应。研究发现，高质量的内部控制显著降低了企业发生财务舞弊的概率，且这一抑制作用在治理水平较低或外部监督较弱的企业中更为明显。此外，分行业检验表明，内部控制质量对财务舞弊的抑制效果在高风险行业尤为突出。本研究的创新点在于引入动态视角，通过区分不同治理背景和行业情境，深入剖析内部控制质量的作用机制，同时弥补了现有文献中关于中国企业情境下内部控制有效性评估的不足。研究结果为完善企业内部控制体系提供了实证支持，也为监管机构制定相关政策提供了理论依据，强调了提升内部控制质量在防范财务舞弊中的关键作用。
关键词：财务舞弊；内部控制质量；公司治理；行业特征；倾向得分匹配法
Abstract
Financial fraud, as a significant issue in corporate governance, not only harms the interests of investors but may also trigger a market trust crisis. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of internal control quality on financial fraud, aiming to reveal the core value of internal control mechanisms in enterprise risk management. Based on panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies between 2010 and 2022, this research employs a Logit regression model combined with propensity score matching (PSM) to analyze the relationship between internal control quality and financial fraud, further examining the moderating effects of corporate governance environments and industry characteristics. The findings indicate that high-quality internal controls significantly reduce the probability of financial fraud occurrences, with this inhibitory effect being more pronounced in enterprises with lower governance levels or weaker external supervision. Moreover, industry-specific tests reveal that the suppressive impact of internal control quality on financial fraud is particularly prominent in high-risk industries. The innovation of this study lies in its introduction of a dynamic perspective, which distinguishes different governance backgrounds and industry contexts to deeply analyze the mechanism of internal control quality, while addressing the gap in existing literature regarding the evaluation of internal control effectiveness in the context of Chinese enterprises. The results provide empirical support for improving corporate internal control systems and offer theoretical foundations for regulatory authorities in formulating relevant policies, emphasizing the critical role of enhancing internal control quality in preventing financial fraud.
Keywords: Financial Fraud; Internal Control Quality; Corporate Governance; Industry Characteristics; Propensity Score Matching Method
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1内部控制质量与财务舞弊研究背景 1
1.2研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文研究方法与创新点 2
2内部控制质量的核心要素分析 2
2.1内部控制质量的基本概念界定 2
2.2内部控制关键要素对财务行为的影响 3
2.3风险评估机制在舞弊预防中的作用 3
2.4控制活动与信息沟通的有效性分析 4
2.5监控机制对内部控制质量的提升 4
3财务舞弊的成因与表现形式 5
3.1财务舞弊的主要类型及其特征 5
3.2舞弊三角理论在财务领域的应用 5
3.3组织环境对财务舞弊的影响分析 6
3.4财务舞弊的动机与机会因素探讨 7
3.5财务舞弊案例中的共性问题 7
4内部控制质量对财务舞弊的抑制机制 8
4.1内部控制质量与财务舞弊的逻辑关系 8
4.2内部控制设计缺陷对舞弊风险的影响 8
4.3内部审计在舞弊防范中的核心作用 9
4.4激励机制与道德文化对舞弊的抑制效果 9
4.5提升内部控制质量的具体路径分析 10
结论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
