摘 要
毫米波通信作为第五代及未来移动通信技术的重要组成部分，因其高频段和大带宽特性而备受关注，但其传播损耗大、穿透能力弱的问题亟需解决。为此，本研究聚焦于毫米波通信中的波束成形技术，旨在通过优化信号传输方向性提升系统性能。研究采用理论分析与仿真验证相结合的方法，提出了一种基于智能反射面的混合波束成形算法，该算法在降低硬件复杂度的同时显著提高了频谱效率。通过构建多用户场景下的信道模型，研究发现所提方法能够在保证低功耗的前提下实现更精准的波束对准。实验结果表明，与传统全数字波束成形方案相比，新算法可将系统能量效率提升约40%，同时减少约30%的硬件成本。本研究的创新点在于结合智能反射面与混合架构，为毫米波通信的实际部署提供了可行的技术路径，进一步推动了高能效无线通信的发展。
关键词：毫米波通信；波束成形；智能反射面
Abstract
Millimeter-wave communication, as a crucial component of fifth-generation and future mobile communication technologies, has garnered significant attention due to its high-frequency bands and large bandwidth characteristics. However, the challenges of substantial propagation loss and weak penetration capability necessitate effective solutions. This study focuses on beamforming techniques in millimeter-wave communication, aiming to enhance system performance by optimizing signal transmission directionality. By integrating theoretical analysis with simulation validation, a hybrid beamforming algorithm based on intelligent reflecting surfaces is proposed. This algorithm significantly improves spectral efficiency while reducing hardware complexity. Through the construction of a channel model under multi-user scenarios, it is found that the proposed method achieves more precise beam alignment with low power consumption. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional fully digital beamforming schemes, the new algorithm increases system energy efficiency by approximately 40% and reduces hardware costs by about 30%. The innovation of this research lies in the combination of intelligent reflecting surfaces with hybrid architecture, providing a feasible technical approach for the practical deployment of millimeter-wave communication and further promoting the development of high-energy-efficiency wireless communication.
Keywords: Millimeter Wave Communication；Beamforming；Intelligent Reflecting Surface
目 录
引言 1
一、毫米波通信基础与挑战 1
（一）毫米波频谱特性分析 1
（二）毫米波传播损耗研究 2
（三）毫米波系统设计需求 2
二、波束成形技术原理与分类 2
（一）波束成形基本概念 2
（二）数字波束成形技术 3
（三）模拟与混合波束成形对比 3
三、波束成形算法优化研究 4
（一）波束赋形算法设计 4
（二）算法复杂度分析 4
（三）高效算法性能评估 5
四、波束成形在毫米波中的应用实践 5
（一）5G毫米波系统应用 5
（二）波束跟踪与切换技术 5
（三）实验验证与结果分析 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
