摘 要
卫星通信作为现代通信技术的重要组成部分，在军事、民用和科研领域具有不可替代的作用，而信号同步与跟踪技术是确保通信链路稳定性和可靠性的关键环节。本研究针对卫星通信中信号捕获、同步及跟踪过程中的难点问题展开深入探讨，旨在提升系统在复杂电磁环境下的适应能力。通过引入基于机器学习的自适应同步算法，结合高精度载波相位估计方法，有效解决了传统技术在动态场景下性能下降的问题。研究采用理论分析与仿真实验相结合的方式，验证了所提方法在低信噪比条件下的优越性。结果表明，该技术能够显著提高信号同步速度和跟踪精度，同时降低误码率。本研究的主要创新点在于将智能优化算法融入卫星通信信号处理框架，为未来高动态、多干扰环境下的通信技术发展提供了新思路。研究成果对提升卫星通信系统的整体性能具有重要意义。
关键词：卫星通信；信号同步；机器学习
Abstract
Satellite communication, as a critical component of modern communication technology, plays an irreplaceable role in military, civilian, and scientific research domains, with signal synchronization and tracking technologies being essential for ensuring the stability and reliability of communication links. This study delves into the challenging issues encountered during signal acquisition, synchronization, and tracking in satellite communication systems, aiming to enhance the system's adaptability in complex electromagnetic environments. By incorporating machine-learning-based adaptive synchronization algorithms and high-precision carrier phase estimation methods, the performance degradation observed in traditional techniques under dynamic scenarios is effectively addressed. The research employs a combination of theoretical analysis and simulation experiments to validate the superiority of the proposed approach under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Results indicate that this technology significantly improves signal synchronization speed and tracking accuracy while reducing bit error rates. A primary innovation of this study lies in integrating intelligent optimization algorithms into the satellite communication signal processing fr amework, offering new insights for the development of communication technologies in high-dynamic and multi-interference environments. The findings hold significant implications for enhancing the overall performance of satellite communication systems.
Keywords: Satellite Communication；Signal Synchronization；Machine Learning
目 录
引言 1
一、卫星通信信号同步基础 1
（一）信号同步的基本原理 1
（二）同步技术的关键挑战 2
（三）同步算法的分类与应用 2
二、时间与频率同步技术研究 2
（一）时间同步的技术实现 2
（二）频率同步的误差分析 3
（三）同步精度优化方法 3
三、信号跟踪技术及其改进 4
（一）跟踪环路的设计与实现 4
（二）动态环境下的跟踪性能 4
（三）跟踪算法的效率提升 5
四、同步与跟踪的联合优化策略 5
（一）联合优化的理论框架 5
（二）实时同步与跟踪的协同机制 5
（三）系统性能评估与验证 6
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
