摘 要
大米是贵州的重要粮食，人们在生活条件日益改善的同时，对大米的要求也由原来的“量”向“量”和“质”两方面转变。贵州是云贵山地大省，立地的自然气象特征十分丰富，在立体的天气环境下，根据不同地区的土壤类型，对其生产和品质的变化规律进行分析，对于促进我国优质高产、优质的发展有着十分关键的作用。以贵州广大栽培的优良杂交稻“宜香优2115”为材料，在2020年度分别在正安、贵阳、兴义三个生态区分别设普通（C）和（A）两个不同的肥料类型，考察了不同生态条件下的“宜香优2115”产量和产量形成表现，不同生态区间的质量差别以及不同的肥料类型对产量和质量形成的影响。贵阳地区点胶稠度、直链淀粉的浓度高于正安点、兴义点，而胶稠度和直链淀粉的浓度则与其在抽穗后的平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、有效积温和光照时间之间存在着显著的负相关性。兴义点崩解的值最低，溶蚀和糊化的最高，而贵阳点则与其对应。兴义点籽粒中蛋白质的质量分数以贵阳点数的低，而在玉米的出苗后，随着气温的提高，大米的蛋白水平也随之提高。
关键词：生态区 施肥模式 产量
Abstract
Rice is an important food in Guizhou. While people's living conditions are improving day by day, their requirements for rice have also changed from "quantity" to "quantity" and "quality". Guizhou is a large mountainous province in Yunnan-Guizhou, and its natural meteorological characteristics are very rich. Under the three-dimensional weather environment, according to the soil types in different regions, the analysis of its production and quality change rules plays a very important role in promoting the development of high-quality, high-yield and high-quality in China. Taking the excellent hybrid rice "Yixiangyou 2115", which is widely cultivated in Guizhou, as the material, two different fertilizer types (C) and (A) were set up in Zheng'an, Guiyang and Xingyi ecological areas respectively in 2020 to investigate the yield and yield formation performance of "Yixiangyou 2115" under different ecological conditions, the quality difference in different ecological areas and the impact of different fertilizer types on yield and quality formation. The gel consistency and amylose concentration in Guiyang are higher than those in Zheng'an and Xingyi points, while the gel consistency and amylose concentration have significant negative correlation with the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, effective accumulated temperature and light time after heading. Xingyi point has the lowest disintegration value and the highest dissolution and gelatinization value, while Guiyang point corresponds to it. The mass fraction of protein in the seeds of Xingyi is lower than that of Guiyang. After the emergence of corn, the protein level of rice will also increase with the increase of temperature.
Key words: Ecological area Fertilization mode yield
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 前言 1
2 关于水稻产量和品质的研究状况 2
2.1 关于水稻产量的研究状况 2
2.1.1 主要气象因子对水稻产量的研究进展 2
2.1.2 施肥模式对水稻产量的研究进展 3
2.2 关于稻米品质的研究状况 4
2.2.1 主要气象因子对稻米品质的研究进展 4
2.2.2 施肥模式对稻米品质的研究进展 5
3 材料与方法 6
3.1 试验地点 6
3.2 试验材料 7
3.3 试验设计 7
3.4 测定项目与方法 7
4 结果与分析 9
4.1 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2115生育进程的影响 9
4.2 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5产量形成的影响 10
4.2.1 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5产量的影响 10
4.2.2 不同生态区施肥模式下的茎蘖差异 11
4.2.3 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5各时期干物质量的影响 11
4.2.4 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5各阶段干物质积累的影响 12
5 讨论 12
5.1 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2115产量及产量形成的影响 12
5.2 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5品质的影响 13
5.3 不同生态区施肥模式下水稻的产量品质协同效果 14
6 结论 15
大米是贵州的重要粮食，人们在生活条件日益改善的同时，对大米的要求也由原来的“量”向“量”和“质”两方面转变。贵州是云贵山地大省，立地的自然气象特征十分丰富，在立体的天气环境下，根据不同地区的土壤类型，对其生产和品质的变化规律进行分析，对于促进我国优质高产、优质的发展有着十分关键的作用。以贵州广大栽培的优良杂交稻“宜香优2115”为材料，在2020年度分别在正安、贵阳、兴义三个生态区分别设普通（C）和（A）两个不同的肥料类型，考察了不同生态条件下的“宜香优2115”产量和产量形成表现，不同生态区间的质量差别以及不同的肥料类型对产量和质量形成的影响。贵阳地区点胶稠度、直链淀粉的浓度高于正安点、兴义点，而胶稠度和直链淀粉的浓度则与其在抽穗后的平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、有效积温和光照时间之间存在着显著的负相关性。兴义点崩解的值最低，溶蚀和糊化的最高，而贵阳点则与其对应。兴义点籽粒中蛋白质的质量分数以贵阳点数的低，而在玉米的出苗后，随着气温的提高，大米的蛋白水平也随之提高。
关键词：生态区 施肥模式 产量
Abstract
Rice is an important food in Guizhou. While people's living conditions are improving day by day, their requirements for rice have also changed from "quantity" to "quantity" and "quality". Guizhou is a large mountainous province in Yunnan-Guizhou, and its natural meteorological characteristics are very rich. Under the three-dimensional weather environment, according to the soil types in different regions, the analysis of its production and quality change rules plays a very important role in promoting the development of high-quality, high-yield and high-quality in China. Taking the excellent hybrid rice "Yixiangyou 2115", which is widely cultivated in Guizhou, as the material, two different fertilizer types (C) and (A) were set up in Zheng'an, Guiyang and Xingyi ecological areas respectively in 2020 to investigate the yield and yield formation performance of "Yixiangyou 2115" under different ecological conditions, the quality difference in different ecological areas and the impact of different fertilizer types on yield and quality formation. The gel consistency and amylose concentration in Guiyang are higher than those in Zheng'an and Xingyi points, while the gel consistency and amylose concentration have significant negative correlation with the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, effective accumulated temperature and light time after heading. Xingyi point has the lowest disintegration value and the highest dissolution and gelatinization value, while Guiyang point corresponds to it. The mass fraction of protein in the seeds of Xingyi is lower than that of Guiyang. After the emergence of corn, the protein level of rice will also increase with the increase of temperature.
Key words: Ecological area Fertilization mode yield
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 前言 1
2 关于水稻产量和品质的研究状况 2
2.1 关于水稻产量的研究状况 2
2.1.1 主要气象因子对水稻产量的研究进展 2
2.1.2 施肥模式对水稻产量的研究进展 3
2.2 关于稻米品质的研究状况 4
2.2.1 主要气象因子对稻米品质的研究进展 4
2.2.2 施肥模式对稻米品质的研究进展 5
3 材料与方法 6
3.1 试验地点 6
3.2 试验材料 7
3.3 试验设计 7
3.4 测定项目与方法 7
4 结果与分析 9
4.1 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2115生育进程的影响 9
4.2 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5产量形成的影响 10
4.2.1 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5产量的影响 10
4.2.2 不同生态区施肥模式下的茎蘖差异 11
4.2.3 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5各时期干物质量的影响 11
4.2.4 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5各阶段干物质积累的影响 12
5 讨论 12
5.1 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2115产量及产量形成的影响 12
5.2 不同生态区施肥模式对宜香优2 1 1 5品质的影响 13
5.3 不同生态区施肥模式下水稻的产量品质协同效果 14
6 结论 15
参考文献 15
