摘 要
无线自组织网络作为一种分布式、无中心架构的通信系统，在军事、灾害救援和智能交通等领域具有重要应用价值，但其动态拓扑结构和资源受限特性对路由协议的设计提出了严峻挑战为此，本文针对无线自组织网络中传统路由协议在能耗均衡性、数据传输效率及网络扩展性方面的不足展开深入研究，提出了一种基于节点能量感知与路径优化的改进型混合路由协议该协议通过引入节点剩余能量因子和链路稳定性评估机制，优化了路由选择策略，并结合地理信息与分簇技术实现了数据转发过程中的负载均衡同时，利用仿真平台对所提协议进行了全面测试与性能对比结果表明，改进后的协议能够有效延长网络生命周期，提升数据包交付率并降低端到端延迟，相较于现有典型路由方案展现出显著优势此外，本文还分析了不同网络密度和流量模式下协议的适应性，验证了其在复杂环境中的鲁棒性总体而言，本研究不仅为无线自组织网络路由设计提供了新思路，也为相关应用场景下的通信性能优化奠定了理论基础
关键词：无线自组织网络；路由协议；节点能量感知；路径优化；负载均衡
Wireless ad hoc networks, as a distributed communication system without a centralized architecture, play a significant role in military operations, disaster relief, and intelligent transportation; however, their dynamic topology and resource-constrained characteristics pose severe challenges to the design of routing protocols. In response to these challenges, this study conducts an in-depth investigation into the deficiencies of traditional routing protocols in terms of energy consumption balance, data transmission efficiency, and network scalability within wireless ad hoc networks, proposing an enhanced hybrid routing protocol based on node energy awareness and path optimization. By incorporating the residual energy factor of nodes and a link stability evaluation mechanism, the protocol optimizes the route selection strategy and achieves load balancing during data forwarding through the integration of geographic information and clustering technology. Comprehensive testing and performance comparisons were carried out using a simulation platform, demonstrating that the improved protocol effectively extends the network lifetime, enhances packet delivery ratio, and reduces end-to-end delay, showcasing notable advantages over existing typical routing schemes. Additionally, the adaptability of the protocol under varying network densities and traffic patterns was analyzed, verifying its robustness in complex environments. Overall, this research not only provides new insights for routing design in wireless ad hoc networks but also lays a theoretical foundation for optimizing communication performance in relevant application scenarios.
Keywords: Wireless Ad Hoc Network; Routing Protocol; Node Energy Awareness; Path Optimization; Load Balancing
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1无线自组织网络的研究背景与意义 1
1.2路由协议研究的国内外现状分析 1
1.3本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2无线自组织网络路由协议基础 2
2.1自组织网络的基本概念与特性 2
2.2常见路由协议分类与原理 3
2.3路由协议性能评价指标体系 3
2.4现有路由协议的局限性分析 4
2.5改进路由协议的需求与方向 4
3路由协议改进的关键技术研究 4
3.1节点移动性对路由的影响分析 4
3.2数据传输效率优化策略研究 5
3.3能耗模型与节能机制设计 6
3.4安全性增强的技术方案探讨 6
3.5动态拓扑下的路由稳定性研究 7
4改进路由协议的设计与实现 7
4.1新型路由协议的设计思路 7
4.2基于场景的路由算法优化方案 8
4.3模拟实验环境与参数设置 8
4.4实验结果分析与性能评估 9
4.5改进协议的实际应用前景 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
