摘 要
随着全球通信技术的快速发展，第六代移动通信系统（6G）已成为学术界和产业界关注的焦点。本文以面向6G的无线网络技术为研究对象，旨在探讨其潜在的技术发展方向及面临的挑战。基于当前5G技术的局限性以及未来社会对超高带宽、超低时延和全域覆盖的需求，本文通过文献分析与技术预测相结合的方法，系统梳理了6G无线网络的关键技术领域，包括太赫兹通信、空天地一体化网络、智能反射面（IRS）、分布式人工智能和网络内生安全等。研究发现，这些技术有望突破现有网络性能瓶颈，实现万物智联和数字孪生等新型应用场景。然而，6G技术的实现仍面临诸多挑战，例如频谱资源高效利用、复杂网络架构设计、能耗优化以及隐私保护等问题。本文的主要贡献在于提出了一个面向6G的技术框架，并针对关键问题提出了可能的解决方案。此外，本文还强调了跨学科合作的重要性，认为物理层创新与高层协议优化需协同推进。最终，本文得出结论：6G无线网络技术的发展不仅需要技术创新的支持，还需政策引导与产业协作的共同推动，以构建可持续发展的未来通信生态系统。
关键词：6G无线网络；太赫兹通信；空天地一体化网络；智能反射面；网络内生安全
With the rapid development of global communication technologies, the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication system has become a focal point for both academia and industry. This paper focuses on wireless network technologies for 6G, aiming to explore their potential developmental directions and address the challenges they face. Based on the limitations of current 5G technologies and future societal demands for ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-low latency, and ubiquitous coverage, this study systematically reviews the key technological domains of 6G wireless networks by combining literature analysis with technical forecasting. These domains include terahertz communication, space-air-ground integrated networks, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), distributed artificial intelligence, and network intrinsic security. The findings suggest that these technologies have the potential to overcome existing network performance bottlenecks, enabling novel application scenarios such as the Internet of Intelligence and digital twins. However, the realization of 6G technologies is confronted with numerous challenges, including efficient spectrum resource utilization, complex network architecture design, energy consumption optimization, and privacy protection. The primary contribution of this paper is the proposal of a technical fr amework for 6G, along with possible solutions to critical issues. Additionally, the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is emphasized, highlighting the need for coordinated advancement in physical layer innovation and higher-layer protocol optimization. Ultimately, it is concluded that the development of 6G wireless network technologies requires not only technological innovation but also policy guidance and industrial cooperation to establish a sustainable future communication ecosystem.
Keywords: 6G Wireless Network; Terahertz Communication; Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network; Intelligent Reflecting Surface; Network Inherent Security
目 录
1绪论 1
1.16G无线网络技术的研究背景与意义 1
1.2当前6G无线网络技术的研究现状 1
1.3本文研究方法与技术路线 2
26G无线网络的关键技术展望 2
2.1太赫兹通信技术的发展前景 2
2.2智能反射面技术的应用潜力 3
2.3空天地一体化网络的设计思路 3
2.4全息无线电技术的理论基础 4
36G无线网络的技术挑战分析 4
3.1高频段传输中的信号衰减问题 4
3.2复杂环境下的网络覆盖优化 5
3.3能耗与散热的技术瓶颈探讨 5
3.4数据安全与隐私保护的实现路径 6
46G无线网络的未来应用场景与需求 6
4.1智慧城市对6G网络的需求分析 7
4.2工业物联网中的6G技术适配 7
4.3虚拟现实与增强现实的网络支撑 8
4.4自动驾驶领域的6G应用前景 8
结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
