摘 要
随着全球环境保护意识的提升和资源短缺问题的加剧，食品包装材料的环境友好性与可持续发展已成为亟待解决的重要课题。本研究旨在探讨传统食品包装材料对环境的影响，并提出基于可再生资源的新型环保包装材料解决方案。通过文献分析、实验验证及生命周期评估等方法，系统研究了多种生物基材料的物理性能、降解特性和经济可行性。结果表明，以聚乳酸（PLA）和淀粉为基础的复合材料在机械强度和生物降解性方面表现出显著优势，且其碳足迹较传统塑料降低约60%。此外，研究创新性地引入了智能化设计概念，将可追溯技术和环保材料相结合，从而提升了包装的综合功能与资源利用效率。最终得出结论，推广环境友好型食品包装材料不仅有助于减少环境污染，还能推动包装行业的绿色转型，为实现可持续发展目标提供重要支撑。
关键词：食品包装材料；环境友好性；聚乳酸
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of global environmental protection and the exacerbation of resource shortages, the environmental friendliness and sustainable development of food packaging materials have become urgent issues to address. This study aims to investigate the environmental impacts of traditional food packaging materials and propose novel eco-friendly packaging material solutions based on renewable resources. Through methods such as literature analysis, experimental validation, and life cycle assessment, the physical properties, degradation characteristics, and economic feasibility of various biobased materials were systematically studied. The results indicate that composite materials based on polylactic acid (PLA) and starch exhibit significant advantages in terms of mechanical strength and biodegradability, with a carbon footprint reduced by approximately 60% compared to conventional plastics. Furthermore, this research innovatively incorporates the concept of intelligent design by integrating traceability technology with eco-friendly materials, thereby enhancing the overall functionality of packaging and the efficiency of resource utilization. It is concluded that promoting environmentally friendly food packaging materials not only helps to reduce environmental pollution but also drives the green transformation of the packaging industry, providing critical support for achieving sustainable development goals.
Keywords: Food Packaging Materials；Environmental Friendliness；Polylactic Acid
目 录
引言 1
一、食品包装材料的环境影响评估 1
（一）包装材料生命周期分析 1
（二）环境污染现状与成因 2
（三）可持续发展目标框架 2
二、环境友好型包装材料开发 3
（一）生物基材料的应用前景 3
（二）可降解材料的技术挑战 3
（三）新型环保材料的成本效益分析 3
三、食品包装的可持续设计策略 4
（一）包装减量化的设计原则 4
（二）循环经济下的包装再利用 4
（三）消费者行为对包装设计的影响 5
四、政策支持与产业发展路径 5
（一）国内外相关政策解读 5
（二）产业链协同发展的关键因素 6
（三）未来技术趋势与市场机遇 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
