摘要
软件开发过程中需求变更的频繁发生已成为影响项目成功的关键因素之一，因此对软件需求变更管理与控制策略进行深入研究具有重要意义。本研究以软件工程理论为基础，结合现代项目管理方法，旨在构建一套系统化的需求变更管理框架，以提升软件开发项目的适应能力和交付质量。研究首先分析了软件需求变更的成因及其对项目进度、成本和质量的影响，并通过文献综述提炼出当前需求变更管理中存在的主要问题，如变更流程不规范、风险评估不足及沟通机制欠缺等。在此基础上，提出了一种基于多层次决策模型的需求变更控制策略，该模型综合考虑技术可行性、经济合理性及业务价值，为变更决策提供了科学依据。同时，研究设计了一套集成化的变更管理工具链，支持从需求捕获到变更实施的全流程跟踪与监控。实验结果表明，所提出的框架和工具能够显著降低变更带来的负面影响，提高变更处理效率约30%。本研究的主要创新点在于将定量分析与定性评估相结合，形成了适用于复杂软件项目的变更管理解决方案，其成果对实践具有较强的指导意义，为软件工程领域的进一步研究奠定了基础。
关键词：软件需求变更管理；多层次决策模型；变更控制策略；集成化工具链；项目适应能力
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of requirement changes during software development has become one of the critical factors affecting project success, making in-depth research on requirement change management and control strategies highly significant. Grounded in software engineering theory and integrated with modern project management methodologies, this study aims to construct a systematic requirement change management fr amework to enhance the adaptability and delivery quality of software development projects. Initially, the study analyzes the causes of software requirement changes and their impacts on project schedule, cost, and quality, while identifying major issues in current change management practices through a literature review, such as non-standardized change processes, insufficient risk assessment, and inadequate communication mechanisms. Based on these findings, a multi-level decision-making model-based requirement change control strategy is proposed, which comprehensively considers technical feasibility, economic rationality, and business value, providing a scientific basis for change decisions. Simultaneously, an integrated change management toolchain is designed to support full-process tracking and monitoring from requirement capture to change implementation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fr amework and tools can significantly mitigate the negative effects of changes and improve change handling efficiency by approximately 30%. The primary innovation of this study lies in its combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative evaluation, forming a change management solution applicable to complex software projects. Its outcomes provide strong practical guidance and lay a foundation for further research in the field of software engineering.
Keywords：Software Requirement Change Management; Multi-Level Decision Model; Change Control Strategy; Integrated Tool Chain; Project Adaptability
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 软件需求变更管理的研究背景 1
(二) 需求变更管理的意义与价值 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(四) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、需求变更的驱动因素与影响分析 2
(一) 需求变更的主要驱动因素 2
(二) 变更对项目进度的影响评估 3
(三) 变更对成本和质量的作用机制 3
三、需求变更管理的关键策略研究 4
(一) 需求变更的识别与优先级排序 4
(二) 变更控制流程的设计与优化 4
(三) 变更风险管理的具体措施 5
四、控制策略的实施与效果评价 5
(一) 控制策略在实际项目中的应用 6
(二) 实施过程中的挑战与应对方法 6
(三) 效果评价指标体系的构建 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
