摘要
随着软件系统在关键领域中的广泛应用，其安全性与可靠性问题日益凸显，传统的测试方法已难以满足复杂系统的验证需求。为此，本研究聚焦于基于形式化方法的软件验证与确认技术，旨在通过数学建模和逻辑推理提升软件系统的可信性。研究结合模型检测、定理证明及抽象解释等核心方法，提出了一种多层次、多维度的形式化验证框架，能够有效应对大规模软件系统的复杂性与不确定性。创新性地将机器学习算法引入形式化验证过程，优化了状态空间搜索效率，并显著提升了验证工具的可扩展性。实验结果表明，该框架在降低误报率的同时大幅提高了验证精度，尤其在实时系统和嵌入式软件中表现出优越性能。此外，研究还开发了一套自动化验证工具链，为工业级应用提供了技术支持。最终结论显示，基于形式化方法的验证技术不仅能够保障软件的功能正确性，还能增强其非功能性属性（如实时性和安全性）的可靠性，为未来智能化软件系统的可信构建奠定了理论与实践基础。
关键词：形式化验证；软件可信性；模型检测；机器学习优化；实时系统安全性
Abstract
With the widespread application of software systems in critical domains, concerns about their safety and reliability have become increasingly prominent, and traditional testing methods are no longer sufficient to meet the validation requirements of complex systems. To address this challenge, this study focuses on software verification and validation techniques based on formal methods, aiming to enhance the trustworthiness of software systems through mathematical modeling and logical reasoning. By integrating core approaches such as model checking, theorem proving, and abstract interpretation, a multi-level and multi-dimensional formal verification fr amework is proposed, which effectively tackles the complexity and uncertainty of large-scale software systems. Innovatively, machine learning algorithms are incorporated into the formal verification process, optimizing state-space search efficiency and significantly improving the scalability of verification tools. Experimental results demonstrate that this fr amework not only reduces false positive rates but also substantially enhances verification accuracy, particularly exhibiting superior performance in real-time systems and embedded software. Additionally, a set of automated verification toolchains has been developed, providing technical support for industrial applications. The final conclusion indicates that verification technologies based on formal methods can ensure functional correctness of software while strengthening the reliability of non-functional attributes, such as real-time performance and security. This research lays both theoretical and practical foundations for the trustworthy construction of future intelligent software systems.
Keywords：Formal Verification; Software Trustworthiness; Model Checking; Machine Learning Optimization; Real-Time System Security
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 软件验证与确认的研究背景 1
(二) 形式化方法在软件工程中的意义 1
(三) 当前研究现状与挑战分析 1
二、形式化方法的基础理论 2
(一) 形式化方法的核心概念 2
(二) 数学逻辑与形式化表示 2
(三) 形式化验证的基本原理 3
(四) 理论体系的应用场景分析 4
三、软件验证的技术实现 4
(一) 验证技术的分类与特点 4
(二) 模型检测在验证中的应用 5
(三) 定理证明的实践与优化 5
(四) 动态验证方法的探索 6
四、软件确认的过程与评估 6
(一) 确认过程的关键环节 6
(二) 形式化方法在确认中的作用 7
(三) 确认结果的评估标准 7
(四) 实际案例分析与经验总结 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
