摘 要
特高压输电技术作为现代电力系统的重要组成部分，对于实现远距离、大容量的能源传输具有重要意义。然而，随着电压等级的提升，绝缘与防雷保护成为制约其安全稳定运行的关键问题。本研究旨在深入探讨特高压输电线路在复杂环境下的绝缘性能及防雷保护策略，以提高系统的可靠性和抗干扰能力。通过结合理论分析、数值仿真和实验验证的方法，研究首先对特高压线路的绝缘特性进行了系统性评估，揭示了不同气象条件和污秽程度对绝缘性能的影响规律。其次，针对雷击过电压问题，提出了基于多级配合的综合防雷方案，优化了避雷器配置和接地系统设计。研究结果表明，改进后的绝缘子串结构能够显著提升污闪电压水平，而新型防雷措施有效降低了线路跳闸率，提升了整体防护效果。此外，本研究创新性地引入了人工智能算法对绝缘状态进行实时监测与预测，为智能化运维提供了技术支持。最终结论显示，通过优化绝缘配置和强化防雷保护，可显著增强特高压输电线路的安全性与经济性，为未来高电压等级电网的设计与运行提供了重要参考。
关键词：特高压输电；绝缘性能；防雷保护；污秽影响；人工智能监测
ABSTRACT
Ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) transmission technology, as a critical component of modern power systems, plays a significant role in achieving long-distance and large-capacity energy transmission. However, with the increase in voltage levels, insulation and lightning protection have become key issues constraining the safe and stable operation of UHV systems. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the insulation performance and lightning protection strategies of UHV transmission lines under complex environmental conditions to enhance system reliability and interference resistance. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental validation, the research first conducted a systematic evaluation of the insulation characteristics of UHV lines, revealing the influence patterns of various meteorological conditions and contamination levels on insulation performance. Subsequently, addressing the issue of lightning-induced overvoltage, an integrated lightning protection scheme based on multi-level coordination was proposed, optimizing the configuration of surge arresters and the design of grounding systems. The results indicate that the improved insulator string structure significantly increases the pollution flashover voltage level, while the novel lightning protection measures effectively reduce the line tripping rate and improve overall protective effectiveness. Additionally, this study innovatively incorporates artificial intelligence algorithms for real-time monitoring and prediction of insulation status, providing technical support for intelligent operation and maintenance. The final conclusion demonstrates that optimizing insulation configurations and strengthening lightning protection can substantially enhance the safety and economic efficiency of UHV transmission lines, offering important references for the design and operation of future high-voltage power grids.
Keywords: Ultra-High Voltage Transmission; Insulation Performance; Lightning Protection; Contamination Influence; Artificial Intelligence Monitoring
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 特高压输电线路发展背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外绝缘与防雷保护研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 特高压输电线路绝缘性能分析 3
2.1 绝缘材料特性及其选择标准 3
2.2 复杂环境下的绝缘性能评估 3
2.3 高海拔地区绝缘设计优化策略 4
2.4 绝缘子污秽闪络机理研究 4
第3章 特高压输电线路防雷保护技术 6
3.1 雷击对特高压线路的影响机制 6
3.2 防雷保护的关键技术与设备选型 6
3.3 接地系统设计与优化方法 7
3.4 新型防雷措施的可行性分析 7
第4章 绝缘与防雷保护综合优化方案 9
4.1 综合防护体系的设计原则 9
4.2 基于风险评估的防护策略制定 9
4.3 实际工程案例分析与验证 10
4.4 未来发展方向与技术创新展望 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
