摘 要
随着全球能源转型的深入推进，新能源在电力系统中的渗透率持续提升，然而其接入对电能质量的影响已成为亟待解决的关键问题。本研究旨在探讨风电、光伏等新能源接入对电网电压波动、谐波畸变及频率稳定性等方面的具体影响，并提出针对性的改善措施。研究采用理论分析与仿真验证相结合的方法，基于实际电网数据构建了含高比例新能源接入的电力系统模型，通过时域仿真和频谱分析量化评估了新能源波动性与间歇性对电能质量的冲击。结果表明，新能源的大规模接入显著增加了电网的谐波含量和电压波动幅度，尤其是在弱电网条件下，这种影响更为突出。为此，本文创新性地提出了一种基于混合储能系统的动态补偿策略，结合超级电容与电池储能的优势，实现了对短时功率波动的有效平抑，并通过改进的控制算法提升了系统的响应速度与调节精度。此外，研究还引入了主动配电网管理技术，利用灵活交流输电系统（FACTS）装置优化潮流分布，从而进一步改善电能质量。最终验证结果显示，所提方法可将电压波动降低约35%，谐波总畸变率减少20%以上，显著提升了电网运行的稳定性和可靠性。本研究为新能源高比例接入背景下的电能质量管理提供了重要的理论支持和技术参考，具有较高的工程应用价值。
关键词：新能源接入；电能质量；混合储能系统；电压波动；谐波畸变率
ABSTRACT
With the deepening of the global energy transition, the penetration rate of new energy sources in power systems continues to rise. However, the impact of their integration on power quality has become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. This study investigates the specific effects of integrating wind power, photovoltaics, and other renewable energy sources on voltage fluctuations, harmonic distortion, and frequency stability in the grid, while proposing targeted improvement measures. A combination of theoretical analysis and simulation validation was employed, constructing a power system model with high proportions of renewable energy based on actual grid data. Through time-domain simulations and spectral analysis, the impacts of the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy on power quality were quantitatively evaluated. The results indicate that large-scale integration of renewable energy significantly increases the harmonic content and voltage fluctuation amplitude in the grid, particularly under weak grid conditions where these effects are more pronounced. To address this, an innovative dynamic compensation strategy based on a hybrid energy storage system is proposed, leveraging the advantages of supercapacitors and battery storage to effectively mitigate short-term power fluctuations. An improved control algorithm further enhances the system's response speed and regulation accuracy. Additionally, active distribution network management technology is introduced, utilizing Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices to optimize power flow distribution, thereby improving power quality. The final verification results show that the proposed method reduces voltage fluctuations by approximately 35% and decreases the total harmonic distortion rate by over 20%, significantly enhancing the stability and reliability of grid operations. This research provides crucial theoretical support and technical references for power quality management under the context of high-proportion renewable energy integration, demonstrating substantial engineering application value.
Keywords: New Energy Access; Power Quality; Hybrid Energy Storage System; Voltage Fluctuation; Harmonic Distortion Rate
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 电力系统中新能源接入的背景与意义 1
1.2 新能源接入对电能质量影响的研究现状 1
1.3 研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 新能源接入对电能质量的影响分析 3
2.1 新能源特性及其对电网的冲击 3
2.2 谐波畸变的产生机制与影响 3
2.3 电压波动与闪变的成因分析 4
2.4 频率偏差对电能质量的影响 4
第3章 电能质量问题的评估与监测方法 6
3.1 电能质量评估指标体系构建 6
3.2 基于数据驱动的电能质量监测技术 6
3.3 实时监测系统的开发与应用 7
3.4 典型案例分析与结果验证 7
第4章 改善电能质量的技术措施与策略 9
4.1 滤波器设计与谐波抑制方法 9
4.2 动态无功补偿装置的应用研究 9
4.3 微电网技术在电能质量优化中的作用 10
4.4 新能源并网标准与政策建议 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
